Search results for "Exchange"
showing 10 items of 2035 documents
The Digitalisation of Political Parties in Comparative Perspective
2021
This chapter outlines the main findings of the edited book. Through the study of a wide range of political parties from Europe and beyond, this book has explored the different degrees of digitalisation that political parties present, and, at the same time, discussed the main technological, democratic issues and trade-offs that political parties have faced in their digital transition. The most relevant finding is that all political parties operating in the democracies analysed have digitalised their organisations to some extent. Our main finding across several cases shows that the digitalisation of parties does not entail a homogenous process of convergence towards a new mode of managing par…
Novel poly (ionic liquid)-based anion exchange membranes for efficient and rapid acid recovery from industrial waste
2020
Abstract Owing to the less energy consumption, positive impact on the environment, and prospect of providing clean water resources, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are promising materials for acid recovery from various industrial wastewater/effluent. Based on the diffusion dialysis process, AEMs selectively allow rapid proton permeation while efficiently retaining metal ions. To enhance the efficiency of the acid recovery process, precise control of macromolecular architecture and chemical composition that enables high hydrophilicity, proton conductivity through the membrane, and ion exchange capacity is required. In this direction, we report on the one-step fabrication of novel poly (ionic…
Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Anion Exchange in a Gadolinium MOF: Incorporation of POMs and [AuCl4]−
2016
The encapsulation of functional molecules inside porous coordination polymers (also known as metal-organic frameworks, MOFs) has become of great interest in recent years at the field of multifunctional materials. In this article, we present a study of the effects of size and charge in the anion exchange process of a Gd based MOF, involving molecular species like polyoxometalates (POMs), and [AuCl4]−. This post-synthetic modification has been characterized by IR, EDAX, and single crystal diffraction, which have provided unequivocal evidence of the location of the anion molecules in the framework.
Atom transfer radical polymerization with different halides (F, Cl, Br, and I): Is the process "living" in the presence of fluorinated initiators?
2016
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is often used for grafting from fluorinated polymers. Nevertheless, the possibility to initiate an ATRP from a C-F functionality and the activity of the catalysts in the presence of fluoride anions are essentially unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the thermodynamics and kinetics of C-F bond activation by ATRP catalysts and compared it with other halide systems. The ATRP equilibrium constant was estimated to be small for the reaction between [CuITPMA]+ and benzyl fluoride (TPMA = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)- amine). However, [CuITPMA] + could react with the more active initiator diethyl fluoromalonate (DEFM). With DEFM as initiator and CuIBr/TPMA as…
Removal of ammonium from municipal wastewater with powdered and granulated metakaolin geopolymer
2017
Abstract Ammonium (NH₄⁺) removal from municipal wastewater poses challenges with the commonly used biological processes. Especially at low wastewater temperatures, the process is frequently ineffective and difficult to control. One alternative is to use ion-exchange. In the present study, a novel NH4+ ion-exchanger, metakaolin geopolymer (MK-GP), was prepared, characterised, and tested. Batch experiments with powdered MK-GP indicated that the maximum exchange capacities were 31.79, 28.77, and 17.75 mg/g in synthetic, screened, and pre-sedimented municipal wastewater, respectively, according to the Sips isotherm (R² ≥ 0.91). Kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation in all case…
Sorption of Cadmium and Zinc in Selected Species of Epigeic Mosses
2014
The sorption abilities of seven moss species growing on the area of Bory Stobrawskie forest (southern Poland) were tested in laboratory. Sorption was carried out in solutions of Zn and Cd chlorides. It has been shown that the sorption properties depend on the moss species and increases in the series as follows: Polytrichum commune < Leucobryum glaucum < Eurhynchium praelongum < Thuidium tamtariscifolium ≤ Dicranum scoparium ≤ Pleurozium schreberi < Sphagnum sp. With help of microscope images, it was also demonstrated that one of the factors affecting the sorption properties of mosses was the level of their surface development. The determined sorption capacity of Zn varies according to speci…
Influence of hydrodynamic conditions on the production and fate ofPosidonia oceanicain a semi-enclosed shallow basin (Stagnone di Marsala, Western Si…
2004
An integrated approach using hydrodynamic and transport numerical models, lepidochronology and stable isotope analysis was used to investigate how local hydrodynamic conditions influence the primary production and fate of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in a Mediterranean semi-enclosed marine system (Stagnone di Marsala). The water mass exchange aptitude of different sectors of the basin was analysed, and data collected were used to select two sectors (colonized by Posidonia oceanica showing the lowest and highest water exchange values) for biological analyses. According to the mean dispersal coefficient differences simulated by the hydrodynamic model, growth rate and primary production of …
External Research Funding and Authority Relations
2019
AbstractThis chapter analyses how the increasing external research project funding has affected the authority over research for managers and researchers in Nordic universities. Drawing on both the qualitative and quantitative data from the FINNUT project, the chapter uses institutional theory to investigate how authority relations between managers and researcher unfold by focusing on the themes content, time, and people. For researchers, the increasing external funding has resulted in some reduction of the authority over research. However, researchers do employ a range of defence mechanisms in order to protect their research freedom. For managers, the results are ambiguous since, on the one…
The Mafia Psychology: The Study of the ‘Ndrangheta and the Cosa Nostra
2016
According to many explorative analyses, the more diffused Italian Mafias represent a real global threat. In order to better understand the dynamics of the organized crime as well as its destructive effects on the economic, environmental, and psychosocial spheres, the chapter aims to deepen the devastating impacts upon its victims. The common traits and the specific characteristic of the Sicilian Mafia and the Calabrian ‘Ndrangheta are detected through the group analytic assumptions relating to Mafia Psychism. The contextualized concepts of blood ties, family roots, power, and territory make the Mafias’ organizational culture first of all an anthropological and a psychological identity. Ther…
Navigating Stormy Waters: The Triangular Relationship between the United States, Vietnam and China and the South China Sea Disputes
2016
The growing triangular relationship between the U.S., Vietnam and China represents an interesting case study as to how the smaller powers around the South China Sea try to balance China’s increasing assertiveness in the region by engaging the United States. Analyzing the respective sets of bilateral relationships (U.S.-Vietnam and China-Vietnam) hence seems to be promising in order to understand the conflict dynamics in the South China Sea against the background of an often assumed, to a lesser degree examined regional (and eventually global) power transition dynamic. Vietnam has a checkered history with both the U.S. and China, all the while these countries are its most important economic …