Search results for "Executive Function"

2019

Today, several pharmaceutic and non-pharmaceutic approaches exist to treat psychiatric and neurological diseases. Because of the lack of treatment procedures that are medication free and without severe side effects, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and aerobic exercise (AE) have been tested to explore the potential for initiating and modulating neuroplasticity in the human brain. Both tDCS and AE could support cognition and behavior in the clinical and non-clinical context to improve the recovery process within neurological or psychiatric conditions or to increase performance. As these techniques still lack meaningful effects, although they provide multiple beneficial opportun…

Neuropsychological Assessment through NeuroVirtual Reality in OCD patients

2013

Cognitive assessment of OCD patients: Neuro VR vs neuropsychological test

2014

This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Neuro- Virtual Reality as tool for the neuropsychological assessment in OCD patients. We used the neuropsychological battery and a virtual version of the Multiple Errand Test (V-MET), developed using the NeuroVR software, in order to evaluate the executive functions, the ability to plan ahead on complex problem solving tasks in daily life in 30 obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) patients and 30 healthy controls. The results showed the presence of difficulties of OCD patients: lower levels of divided attention and higher levels of errors; higher mean rank of inefficiencies, interpretation failures and rule breaks and longer ti…

Weight loss is associated with improvements in cognitive function among overweight and obese people: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2017

Whilst obesity is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment, the influence of weight loss on cognitive function in obese/overweight people is equivocal. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal studies evaluating the influence of voluntary weight loss on cognitive function in obese/overweight individuals. Articles were acquired from a systematic search of major databases from inception till 01/2016. A random effect meta-analysis of weight loss interventions (diet, physical activity, bariatric surgery) on different cognitive domains (memory, attention, executive functions, language and motor speed) was conducted. Twenty studies (13 long…

La inhibición, el autocontrol emocional, la memoria de trabajo y la supervisión ¿predicen las manifestaciones típicas de adultos con TDAH?

2019

Introducción. Los déficits en inhibición, control emocional, memoria de trabajo y supervisión se han evidenciado en numerosas investigaciones focalizadas en el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH), pero la información sobre su posible influencia diferencial en las manifestaciones características del trastorno es escasa. Objetivos. El presente estudio se propuso analizar las relaciones de las funciones ejecutivas de regulación (inhibición y control emocional) y metacognitivas (memoria de trabajo y supervisión) con manifestaciones del TDAH y determinar el poder de predicción de esas cuatro funciones ejecutivas en dichas manifestaciones. Método. Sesenta y un jóvenes adul…

RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE LATVIAN VERSION OF THE COMPUTERIZED EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS TEST “EXAMINER” IN A STUDENTS SAMPLE: RESULTS OF THE PILOT ST…

2016

The aim of this pilot-study was to assess reliability and validity of the Latvian version of the computerized executive functions test EXAMINER (Executive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research) in a sample of high school students and university students. The adaptation procedure included translation of the instructions and technical configuration of the test’s computerized version. The Latvian version of the EXAMINER includes tasks that measure executive functions of inhibition, set shifting and working memory updating. Participants included two sub-groups: 22 (14 males, 8 female) students from high school and 39 students (11 males, 28 female) from …

2020

Physical activity and exercise beneficially link to brain properties and cognitive functions in older adults, but the findings concerning adolescents remain tentative. During adolescence, the brain ...

Generalizing novel names in comparison settings: Role of conceptual distance during learning and at test

2017

International audience; In a comparison setting (two stimuli), we tested 4- and 6-year-old children’s generalization of novel names for objects. We manipulated the semantic distance between the two learning items (e.g., two bracelets versus a bracelet and a watch), and the semantic distance between the learning items and the test items (e.g., a pendant versus a bow tie). We tested whether smaller semantic distance between learning items would lead to more taxonomic (vs. perceptual) choices at test, than broader semantic distance during learning, especially in the case of distant test stimuli. Results revealed main effects of learning distance, of generalization distance and that only childr…

The development of analogical reasoning : role of the executive component of inhibition

2011

We explored the development of the analogical reasoning. The traditional conception of this development is that it is dependent of knowledge accretion in children (Gentner, 1983, 1988; Goswami & Brown, 1989, 1990). We used a different approach which explains it as dependent of the development of the executive functions, particularly of the component of inhibition. The capacity of inhibition allows the suppression of the salient but irrelevant information for analogy-making in children. It is required while searching for the analogical solution. Nine studies involving a classical analogy-making task A : B :: C : ? were performed in this dissertation. The role of the capacity of inhibition wa…

Analogical reasoning and its development : role of executive functions and the goal of the task

2013

This manuscript develops an issue related to the involvement of goal management capabilities and executive functions in this type of reasoning and its development. The first three experiments examine this issue in two tasks of analogical reasoning, the scene analogy task and the A:B::C:? task, through the study of visual strategies used by adults, and children aged 6-to-7. The results show differences in visual patterns related to goals, and to the inhibition of irrelevant information for the solution of the problems, between the different tasks, and between children and adults. The following two experiments study the visual strategies, always in relation to executive functioning and goal m…