Search results for "Exercise."
showing 10 items of 3068 documents
Effects of physical and cognitive training on gait speed and cognition in older adults: A randomized controlled trial
2021
Gait speed is a measure of health and functioning. Physical and cognitive determinants of gait are amenable to interventions, but best practices remain unclear. We investigated the effects of a 12-month physical and cognitive training (PTCT) on gait speed, dual-task cost in gait speed, and executive functions (EFs) compared with physical training (PT) (ISRCTN52388040). Community-dwelling older adults, who did not meet physical activity recommendations, were recruited (n = 314). PT included supervised walking/balance (once weekly) and resistance/balance training (once weekly), home exercises (2-3 times weekly), and moderate aerobic activity 150 min/week in bouts of >10 min. PTCT included the…
Does adding a 12-month exercise programme to usual care after a rotator cuff repair effect disability and quality of life at 12 months? A randomized …
2013
Objective: To compare a 12-month home-based exercise programme with usual care for disability and health-related quality of life after rotator cuff repair. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient physical and rehabilitation medicine clinic. Subjects: Consecutive patients ( n = 67, mean age 54 years) who underwent rotator cuff repairs were randomized into an experimental group (EG) or a usual care group (UCG). Interventions: The UCG received ordinary postoperative instructions, while the EG were given advice and instructions on a shoulder muscle strengthening programme to be undertaken at home. Main measures: Disability was assessed with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surge…
Supervised exercise training in peripheral arterial disease increases vascular shear stress and profunda femoral artery diameter
2016
Background Arteriogenesis is promoted by flow- and pressure-related forces such as tangential wall stress and laminar shear stress. Exercise training (ET) is known to promote arteriogenesis in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. It remains unclear whether supervised ET (SET) promotes arteriogenesis more efficiently than non-SET (nSET). Methods and results Forty PAD patients participated in a SET or nSET training programme ( n = 20 each) and were compared to 20 healthy individuals without any history of cardiovascular events. Femoral artery diameter, flow and velocity were measured by ultrasound. Tangential wall stress and laminar shear stress were calculated for femoral arteries. Fo…
Reductive Drug Metabolism in Isolated Perfused Rat Liver under Restricted Oxygen Supply
1978
1. Hepatic azo and nitro reductase activities were studied in the perfused rat liver under normal and restricted oxygen supply. 2. Formation of sulphanilamide or p-aminobenzoic acid from neoprontosil or p-nitrobenzoic acid under aerobic conditions of liver perfusion was negligible, even at a reduced oxygen saturation of a pO2 of 300 mm Hg in the haemoglobinfree perfusion system. At a pO2 of 200 mm Hg reductase activities were almost maximal. 3. Conjugation of sulphanilamide (0-08 mM) was similar under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Hepatic elimination of p-aminobenzoic acid (0-08 mM) showed an oxygen-dependent increase for 15 min after addition of substrate. 4. p-Nitroanisole demethylati…
Acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses and recovery to forced vs maximum repetitions multiple resistance exercises.
2003
Acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses and recovery three days after the exercises were examined during the maximum repetitions (MR) and forced repetitions (FR) resistance exercise protocols in 16 male athletes. MR included 4 sets of leg presses, 2 sets of squats and 2 sets of knee extensions (with 12 RM) with a 2-min recovery between the sets and 4 min between the exercises. In FR the initial load was chosen to be higher than in MR so that the subject could not lift 12 repetitions per set by himself. After each set to failure the subject was assisted to perform the remaining repetitions to complete the 12 repetitions per set. Thus the exercise intensity was greater in FR than in MR. Bo…
Associations of Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time With Arterial Stiffness in Pre-Pubertal Children.
2017
Purpose: To investigate the relationships of objectively measured physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) to arterial stiffness in pre-pubertal children. Method: Altogether 136 children (57 boys, 79 girls) aged 6–8-years participated in the study. Stiffness index (SI) was assessed by pulse contour analysis based on photoplethysmography. ST, light PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA were assessed using combined acceleration and heart rate monitoring. We investigated the associations of ST (<1.5METs) and time spent in intensity level of PA above 2–7METs in min/d with SI using linear regression analysis. We studied the optimal duration and intensity of PA to identify children being in the …
Exercise-induced necrotic muscle damage and enzyme release in the four days following prolonged submaximal running in rats.
1994
Male Wistar rats were made to run uphill on a treadmill 5.5° incline at 17 m min−1 for 4 h, and killed for muscle and serum sampling 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 or 96 h after the exertion. To estimate the degree of muscle damage,β-glucuronidase activity, total protein concentration, water content and morphology were examined in the red parts of quadriceps femoris (MQF) and soleus (MS) muscles, the distal white part of the rectus femoris muscle (MRF) and the superficial part of triceps brachii muscle (MTB). Simultaneous serum samples were assayed for creatine kinase (CK) activity and carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) concentration. Fibre swelling and interstitial oedema were detected in MS at 4 h and in …
Fuel selection during short-term submaximal treadmill exercise in the cold is not affected by pre-exercise low-intensity shivering.
2014
Exercise and shivering rely on different metabolic pathways and consequently, fuel selection. The present study examined the effects of a pre-exercise low-intensity shivering protocol on fuel selection during submaximal exercise in a cold environment. Nine male subjects exercised 4 times for 60 min at 50% (LOW) or 70% (MOD) of their peak oxygen consumption on a motorized treadmill in a climatic chamber set at 0 °C with (SHIV) and without (CON) a pre-exercise cooling protocol, inducing low-intensity shivering. Thermal, cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses were measured every 15 min whereas blood samples were collected every 30 min to assess serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), glyce…
Redistribution of glucose uptake by chronic exercise, measured in isolated perfused rat hearts.
1985
The effects of 8-9 weeks of running and swimming training on the transmural distribution of cardiac glucose uptake and protein synthesis in isolated perfused heart were studied in male rats. The left ventricular glucose uptake in hearts from sedentary rats was 2.5 +/- 0.3 mumoles/min per g protein (mean +/- S.D.), and about 30% higher in the subendocardial layer than in the subepicardial layer (P less than 0.01). After the running and swimming programs the total left ventricular glucose uptake was at the level of sedentary rats, but the gradient was absent. The rate of protein synthesis was evenly distributed through the left ventricular wall and similar in all experimental groups. The alte…
Regional glucose uptake and protein synthesis in isolated perfused rat hearts immediately after training and later
1987
The effect of 10 weeks of running training and termination of training on the regional distribution of cardiac glucose uptake and protein synthesis were studied in isolated perfused hearts in male rats. The left ventricular glucose uptake in hearts from sedentary rats was 1.87 +/- 0.14 mumol/min per g protein (mean +/- SE), being about 30% higher in the subendocardial than in the subepicardial layer (p less than 0.05). The gradient of left ventricular glucose uptake was similar to the controls in the rats retired from training, but was absent in the trained animals. The altered transmural glucose uptake probably reflects differences in the adaptive response of various myocardial muscle laye…