Search results for "Exercise."

Effects of pilates exercise programs in people with chronic low back pain: a systematic review

2015

The Pilates method has recently become a fast-growing popular way of exercise recommended for healthy individuals and those engaged in rehabilitation. Several published studies have examined the effects of Pilates method in people with chronic low back pain (LBP). The objective of this study is to describe and provide an extensive overview of the scientific literature comparing the effectiveness of the Pilates method on pain and disability in patients with chronic nonspecific LBP. The study is based on the data from the following sources: MEDLINE-NLM, MEDLINE-EBSCO, Scopus Elsevier, Cochrane, DOAJ, SciELO, and PLOSONE. Original articles and systematic reviews of adults with chronic nonspeci…

Effects of Different Long-Term Exercise Modalities on Tissue Stiffness

2022

AbstractStiffness is a fundamental property of living tissues, which may be modified by pathologies or traumatic events but also by nutritional, pharmacological and exercise interventions. This review aimed to understand if specific forms of exercise are able to determine specific forms of tissue stiffness adaptations. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to identify manuscripts addressing adaptations of tissue stiffness as a consequence of long-term exercise. Muscular, connective, peripheral nerve and arterial stiffness were considered for the purpose of this review. Resistance training, aerobic training, plyometric training and stretching were r…

Stiff landings are associated with increased ACL injury risk in young female basketball and floorball players

2016

Background: Few prospective studies have investigated the biomechanical risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between biomechanical characteristics of vertical drop jump (VDJ) performance and the risk of ACL injury in young female basketball and floorball players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: At baseline, a total of 171 female basketball and floorball players (age range, 12-21 years) participated in a VDJ test using 3-dimensional motion analysis. The following biomechanical variables were analyzed: (1) knee valgus angle at initial contact (IC), (2) peak knee abduction moment, (3) knee flexion angle at …

Assessment of ventilatory thresholds from heart rate variability in five incremental treadmill tests in cross country skiers

2014

Incremental treadmill tests are widely used in the field of exercise physiology for the assessment of Ventilatory Thresholds for clinical and sport oriented issues. The assessment of Ventilatory Thresholds (VTs) from Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a relatively new approach with increasing popularity because it is a non-invasive and economical method. Nevertheless, this has not been used in Cross Country (XC) Skiing, an endurance sport where the knowledge of VTs holds special importance. The purpose of the study was to assess VTs using the data derived from HRV analysis in the five main XC skiing-related techniques, Double Poling (DP), Diagonal Striding (DS), Nordic Walking (NW), V1 Skating…

Physical Exercise and Aging: Appraisal and Reappraisal

2018

Environmental Conditions, Air Pollutants, and Airways

2019

Air pollution is a major problem worldwide, which could be even more serious for athletes who train in urban environments. Exercise increases minute ventilation and exposure to pollutants, but the literature on the effects of air pollution in athletes is relatively scarce, with the exception of chlorine exposure in athletes of aquatic sports and air pollution secondary to ice resurfacing in athletes performing in ice arenas. Although air pollution may exert detrimental effects on athletic performance, little has been published on this topic. The largest body of information regards the impact of air pollution during urban active transport, i.e., walking and cycling in cities, due to the pote…

Poly-ADP-Ribose (PAR) as an epigenetic flag

2009

Epigenetics is the study of hereditable chromatin modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and nucleosome-remodelling, which occur without alterations to the DNA sequence. The establishment of different epigenetic states in eukaryotes depends on regulatory mechanisms that induce structural changes in chromatin in response to environmental and cellular cues. Two classes of enzymes modulate chromatin accessibility: chromatin-covalent modifiers and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complexes. The first class of enzymes catalyzes covalent modifications of DNA as well as the amino- and carboxy-terminal tails of histones, while the second uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis …

Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of obesity. 2016 position statement of the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity.

2017

Muscular Activity of the Posterior Deltoid During Swimming vs. Resistance Exercises on Water and Dry Land

2010

The purpose of this study was to compare muscular activity of the posterior deltoid muscle during three typical aquatic physical conditioning activities. This interpretative case study involved a 23-year-old elite swimmer and athlete. Muscular activity was measured with surface electromyography during swimming crawl at maximum speed, and also while performing horizontal shoulder abduction using elastic band and Hydro-Tone Bells resistance. During the maximum voluntary contraction, we observed what appeared to be meaningful differences between the percentage of muscular activation during the swimming activity and that observed during the elastic band and aquatic resistance exercises (18.72% …

Fitness testing in tennis: Influence of anthropometric characteristics, physical performance, and functional test on serve velocity in professional p…

2021

The aims of this study were to examine the relationship between anthropometric variables, physical performance, and functional test with serve velocity regarding tennis players’ level and to design regression models that effectively predict serve velocity. A sample of sixteen male tennis players participated in this study (national level = 8, professional level = 7). Anthropometric measurements (body mass, height, body mass index and body segments) and physical test (hand strength, countermovement jump, jump on serve, and serve velocity) and functional test (medicine ball throw overhead and shot put) were performed. No differences in anthropometrics and physical test were found between nati…