Search results for "Exploratory"
showing 10 items of 446 documents
Effects of fluoxetine on behavioral deficits evoked by chronic social stress in rats.
2006
Recently, we described an advanced model of chronic social stress in male rats based on the resident intruder paradigm. In this model, rats subjected to daily social stress for 5 weeks showed behavioral changes resembling anhedonia and motivational deficits in humans. In the present study, male Wistar rats were subjected to 5 weeks of daily social defeat by an aggressive conspecific and concomitant treatment with the antidepressant drug fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) after the first week of stress. Compared with controls, rats exposed to chronic stress had significantly reduced locomotor and exploratory activity (rearing and sniffing) and diminished preference for sucrose solution. These effects wer…
Prenatal cocaine alters later responses to morphine in adult male mice.
2006
Mice prenatally exposed to cocaine (25 mg/kg), physiological saline or non-treated during the last 6 days of pregnancy were evaluated as adults for the rewarding properties of 2 mg/kg of morphine, using the conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure. Likewise, isolated animals underwent a social interaction test with conspecifics after receiving the same morphine dose. Unlike control or animals pre-treated with saline, subjects prenatally treated with cocaine did not develop CPP with this dose of morphine. Only cocaine-exposed animals showed increased threat, avoidance and fleeing during the social encounter. No differences in motor effects of morphine were observed. Analysis of monoamine…
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Nutritional Form For the Elderly.
2015
AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to translate the English version of the Nutritional Form For the Elderly into Simplified Chinese, as well as to test the reliability (homogeneity and stability) and validity (content and construct validity) of the Chinese version of the Nutritional Form For the Elderly (NUFFE-CHI).DesignThe study adopted a cross-sectional design. The English version of the NUFFE was translated into Simplified Chinese and a questionnaire survey was conducted. The data were analysed with statistical methods to estimate the homogeneity, stability, content and construct validity.SettingJinzhou City, China.SubjectsA total number of 701 community-dwelling older adults answ…
Exploratory study of the hoaxes spread via WhatsApp in Spain to prevent and/or cure COVID-19
2021
Objective: To review the hoaxes’ characteristics spread through WhatsApp in Spain during COVID-19 lockdown and identify what kind of substances were promoted for consumption or application. Method: A phone number was activated to receive hoaxes via WhatsApp. A total of 2353 messages were collected, and among those 584 different hoaxes were identified and validated, between March 18 and April 18, 2020. From these 584 hoaxes, a sub-sample of 126 was selected, exclusively related to the object of study, and a content analysis table with fourteen registration fields was applied. Besides, the averages and medians of the quantitative fields were extracted. Results: Most of the messages received w…
Changes in the structure of the agonistic behavior of mice produced by D-amphetamine.
1997
The effects of three acute doses of D-amphetamine (0.25, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg) were studied in a model of isolation-induced aggression in male mice. An ethopharmacological analysis of the encounters was carried out, which studied the frequency, total and mean duration of different behavioral categories, including the temporal distribution of attacks and the duration of inter-attack intervals. The results show a reduction in the total and mean duration of the Attack category and an increase in motor activity manifested by longer durations, both total and mean, of Non Social Exploration and shorter Immobility. The temporal analysis of Attack revealed an increase in the number of very short (< 15 s…
The effects of different basal levels of anxiety on the behavioral shift analyzed in the central platform of the elevated plus maze.
2015
The aim of the present research was to study the effects of different basal levels of anxiety on the behavioral shift studied in the central platform of the elevated plus maze. To this purpose, quantitative and multivariate analyses, the latter based on transition matrix elaboration, were carried out on Wistar and on DA/Han rats the latter belonging to a strain characterized by different reactivity to anxiogenic stimuli. Wistar rats spent 74.11 ± 5.11 s in the central platform, whereas DA/Han significantly more: 127.08 ± 9.87. Per cent distributions evidenced a clear-cut difference in walking activities (46.25% in Wistar, 28.4% in DA/Han rats) and in the sniffing activities (45.82% in Wista…
The novelty-seeking phenotype modulates the long-lasting effects of adolescent MDMA exposure.
2015
Exposure to drugs such as ethanol or cocaine during adolescence induces alterations in the central nervous system that are modulated by the novelty-seeking trait. Our aim was to evaluate the influence of this trait on the long-term effects of MDMA administration during adolescence on spontaneous behavior and conditioned rewarding effects in adulthood. Adolescent mice were classified as high or low novelty seekers (HNS or LNS) according to the hole-board test and received either MDMA (0, 10 or 20mg/kg PND 33-42) or saline. Three weeks later, having entered adulthood (PND>68), one set of mice performed the elevated plus maze and social interaction tests, while another set performed the condit…
Cerebral embolic ischemia in rats: correlation of stroke severity and functional deficit as important outcome parameter.
2006
The embolic MCA occlusion model in rats is used for recanalisation studies in acute stroke. In addition to the determination of lesion size, the assessment of functional outcome may improve the value of this model. Male Wistar rats were submitted to MCA clot embolism or sham surgery. In order to achieve a larger variety of lesion volume, 2 subgroups (each 7 animals) were subjected to differently sized emboli (30 and 40 mm). Follow-up period was 6 days. Outcome assessment consisted of a test battery including parallel bar crossing, observation of behaviour in an open field and an 8-arm maze and a neurological score with ten different sensorimotor and coordinative items. Animals were perfusio…
Evaluation of chronic alcohol self-administration by a 3-bottle choice paradigm in adult male rats. Effects on behavioural reactivity, spatial learni…
2011
Chronic ethanol consumption is able to modify emotional behaviour and cognition in humans. In particular, the effects exerted by alcohol may depend on doses, time and modalities of administration. In this study we investigated, in adult male rats, ethanol self-administration and preference patterns using a 3-bottle choice paradigm with water, 10% ethanol solution, and white wine (10%, v/v), along a four-week period. The influence of alcohol free-access on novelty-induced explorative behaviour in the open field, and on spatial learning and reference memory in the Morris water maze was also evaluated. Our results indicate that: (i) rats show a higher preference for alcohol, in the first two w…
Structure of rat behavior in hole-board: II) multivariate analysis of modifications induced by diazepam.
2009
In our previous study we suggested that multivariate analysis could improve hole-board test reliability providing a more useful tool to determine behavioral effects of anxiolytic drugs. To support this hypothesis, a multivariate analysis of rat behavior in hole-board, following administration of the reference anxiolytic drug diazepam, was carried out. Four groups, each composed of thirty male Wistar rats, were used: one saline and three diazepam injected (0.25, 0.5 and 2 mg/kg IP). Rat behavior was recorded for 10 min through a digital videocamera. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were carried out. In all groups, more than 80% of whole behavioral structure encompassed walking, climbing…