Search results for "External"

Sur les Terminaisons Nerveuses Sensitives du Clitoris chez la Truie (Sus scrofa domesticus)

1991

Summary On the Sensory Nerve-Endings in the Porcine Clitoris Neural receptors of the porcine clitoris were examined using light and electron microscopy. Perfusion with ink allowed study of the unique vascular arrangement associated with the genital corpuscles. Sensory nerve-endings were generally rounded and formed a morphologically and structurally characteristic unit. They were composed of a network of primarily non-myelinated nerve fibers and flat cells. Between these structures, isolated small blood vessels were embedded amongst collagen fibers and amorphous material. An external capsule of variable thickness always surrounded the structures. A complex arrangement of vessels in the cent…

Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frames: Safety Evaluation and Retrofitting Techniques

A new beamline for energy-dispersive high-resolution PIXE analysis using polycapillary optics

2019

Abstract A new beamline for high energy resolution PIXE measurements is presented. This new setup includes options for both in-air and vacuum measurements. For the high energy resolution transition-edge sensor array, a polycapillary lens is used for detecting low-energy X-rays down to 0.5 keV and to increase the effective solid angle. X-ray transmission of the polycapillary lens was characterized using two calibration standards. The gain obtained by adding a polycapillary lens was 1.6–2.3 at energies between 2.1 keV and 4.5 keV. From 1.04 to 1.74 keV the gain is increased to 2.1–3.0, and at energies 4.9–8.0 keV the gain is between 1.6 and 0.65. The measured gain agreed well with theoretical…

Pediatric second primary malignancies after retinoblastoma treatment

2015

Background Children with retinoblastoma carry a high risk to develop second primary malignancies in childhood and adolescence. This study characterizes the type of pediatric second primary malignancies after retinoblastoma treatment and investigates the impact of different treatment strategies and prognostic factors at presentation. Procedure All national patients treated for retinoblastoma at the German referral center with a current age of 6–27 years were invited to participate in a study to characterize late effects. Results Data on pediatric second primary malignancies were recorded from 488 patients. Ten developed a malignancy before the age of 18 years. For children with heterozygous …

Staging systems of hepatocellular carcinoma: A review of literature

2013

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem with a high incidence and mortality all over the world. Natural history of HCC is severe and extremely variable, and prognostic factors influencing outcomes are incompletely defined. Over time, many staging and scoring systems have been proposed for the classification and prognosis of patients with HCC. Currently, the non-ideal predictive performance of existing prognostic systems is secondary to their inherent limitations, as well as to a non-universal reproducibility and transportability of the results in different populations. New serological and histological markers are still under evaluation with promising results, but they requi…

Feasibility studies for water reuse projects: an economical approach

2006

Usually the methodologies used to analyse the feasibility of water reuse projects are focused on the internal costs. The aim of this paper is to show a methodology to assess the feasibility of a water reuse project taking into account not just the internal impact, but also the external impact (environmental and social, for example) and the opportunity cost derived from the project. Internal benefit is obtained from the difference between internal income and internal costs. Internal income is obtained by multiplying the selling price of reclaimed water and the volume obtained. Internal costs are made up of the sum of investment costs, operating costs, financial costs and taxes. While some of…

Optimal design of CHCP plants in the civil sector by Thermoeconomics

2007

The optimization of design and operation of trigeneration plants for civil applications is a very complex task, because of the large number of internal and external variables affecting the energetic and economic results that may be achieved. Further, energy-saving and profit-oriented optimization processes usually lead to different solutions, in terms of plant lay-out, optimal size of components and operation strategy. Thermoeconomic methodologies are very effective theoretical structures for the optimization of industrial energy-systems characterised by regular energy-demand profiles; however, they are hard to use when approaching civil applications and energy systems in unsteady operating…

Efficient deep-red light-emitting electrochemical cells based on a perylenediimide-iridium-complex dyad

2009

A two-layer light-emitting electrochemical cell device based on a new perylenediimide-iridium-complex dyad is presented emitting in the deep-red region with high external quantum efficiencies (3.27%). Costa Riquelme, Ruben Dario, Ruben.Costa@uv.es ; Orti Guillen, Enrique, Enrique.Orti@uv.es ; Bolink, Henk, Henk.Bolink@uv.es ; Gierschner, Johannes, Johannes.Gierschner@uv.es

Effects of external imbalances on GDP recovery patterns

2021

Abstract A decade after the beginning of the Great Recession, flow external imbalances, measured by the current account (CA) have narrowed markedly. However, stock or net foreign assets (NFA) imbalances have kept increasing and have created challenges for future macroeconomic and financial stability. To date, early warning systems (scoreboards) have focused more on flow than on stock variables. To approach this problem, in this paper we analyze expansions using two complementary sets of indicators proposed by Harding and Pagan (2002) and Gadea et al. (2017) for the period 1950–2016. After controlling for a large set of explanatory variables, we find that the effect of CA imbalances is limit…

Internal and External Hiring

2019

Using large-scale, linked, employer–employee, Finnish panel data, the authors examine firms’ internal versus external hiring decisions more comprehensively than has prior literature. The results show that vacancies in job hierarchies are filled more often by horizontal moves than by promotions. Most horizontal moves are external and within the same job functions, so that internally promoted workers face external competitors occupying higher job levels. Compared to internally promoted workers, external and internal horizontal hires have stronger observable ability indicators (e.g., education, experience, prior work history) but weaker job performance in the year preceding the transfer. Inter…