Search results for "Externalities"
showing 10 items of 18 documents
Isolating the climate change impacts on air-pollution-related-pathologies over central and southern Europe – a modelling approach on cases and costs
2019
Air pollution has important implications for human health and associated external costs to society and is closely related to climate change. This contribution tries to assess the impacts of present (1996-2015) and future (2071-2100 under RCP8.5) air pollution on several cardiovascular and respiratory pathologies and estimate the difference in the costs associated with these health impacts on the European population. For this, air quality data from the regional chemistry-climate modelling system of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) are used, together with some epidemiological information from the European Commission. The methodology considered…
Decisions, externalitats i economia pública en un context de localització
2009
In this paper, we propose a learning application of the theory of market failure as part of a degree in Economics. They are new contexts in which adapt existing knowledge. Even a small contribution from our clasrrom experience, we can say that one side is extremely motivating for students and the other opens a new methodological framework in which student participation in learning becomes crucial.
Justice et inégalités: un amendement à la théorie de John Rawls
1992
National audience; On se demande si les principes de justice de Rawls ne sont pas exagérément inégalitaires, malgré leur côté "juste". On examine donc ce qu'il advient de l'optimum de Rawls, le maximin, quand de l'aversion pour l'inégalité" apparaît. Le maximin consiste à se placer sur un certain point de la courbe d'efficience, en admettant une certaine dose d'inégalité, pourvu que l'on donne le maximum possible aux plus défavorisés. On tient compte d'externalités en reprenant la notion d'envie sous la forme d'une aversion pour l'inégalité, essentiellement de la part des plus défavorisés. On ne peut plus raisonner sur la courbe frontière des rémunérations possibles et on démontre la validi…
Dynamic Models of International Environmental Agreements: A Differential Game Approach
2012
This article provides a survey of dynamic models of international environmental agreements (IEAs). The focus is on environmental problems that are caused by a stock pollutant as are the cases of the acid rain and climate change. For this reason, the survey only reviews the literature that utilizes dynamic state-space games to analyze the formation of international agreements to control pollution. The survey considers both the cooperative approach and the noncooperative approach. In the case of the latter, the survey distinguishes between the models that assume binding agreements and those that assume the contrary. An evaluation of the state of the art is presented in the conclusions along w…
Do agglomeration economies are lower for polluting sectors?
2019
This article explore how the relation between productivity and local city-size can be mitigated by pollution. More specifically, we estimate agglomeration economies considering a new source of heterogeneity among industries: the degree of pollution. Due to pollution perception acting as a dispersion force, we expect net agglomeration economies to be lower for polluting firms. In fact, polluting firms may anticipate that households and other firms are reluctant to locate near sources of pollution. In this paper, we exploit spatial data on sectoral emissions for a large number of air pollutants. We define a continuous variable of pollution that varies across sectors and employment zones. Our …
GREEN LOGISTICS – A DIFFERENT AND SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS GROWTH MODEL
2014
Built on the concepts of green logistics and green supply chain management (GrSCM), this paper presents the relationship between logistical activities and its related environmental effects and costs. By greening their supply chain, companies can better use their assets, optimize resources- do more with less, improve and create sustainable technology, ensure continuity and strategic, long-term alliances. Business ethics and social responsibility are important components of organisational effectiveness. Most companies recognize that socially responsible activities improve their image among consumers, stakeholders, the financial community and other relevant publics. They have found that enviro…
The marketplace of ideas and its externalities: Who pays the cost of online fake news?
2023
Since the nineteenth century, thanks to J.S. Mill, an argument against limiting the freedom of expression has been gaining ground, namely that the truth of an argument is the result of free competition between different ideas in a “marketplace of ideas” and that this competition can yield an approximate form of the truth or a robust argument. In this paper I will argue that Mill’s model of the marketplace of ideas is an “idealised” model because it assumes that there is a subject who seeks to know in a detached manner, without being influenced by his or her expectations, needs, ideologies, or biases. However, the metaphor of the marketplace of ideas is still relevant because it also harbour…
An Economic Definition of the City
1998
International audience
Agglomeration Externalities and the Productivity of Italian Firms
2015
Despite the richness of contributions on the effects of agglomeration on economic activity, the empirical evidence still falls short, especially at the microeconomic level, where they should matter the most. This paper adds to this literature by performing an empirical exploration of the role of Marshallian, Jacobian, and Porterian externalities for the productivity of Italian firms. In particular, a large dataset of small and medium enterprises is first employed to estimate firm-level total factor productivity (TFP). Then dynamic panel and instrumental variables estimation methods are used to assess the effects of agglomeration externalities. The findings seem to suggest that these effects…
Prices and Pareto optima
2006
We provide necessary conditions for Pareto optimum in economies where tastes or technologies may be nonconvex, nonsmooth, and affected by externalities. Firms can pursue own objectives, much like the consumers. Infinite-dimensional commodity spaces are accommodated. Public goods and material balances are accounted for as special instances of linear restrictions.