Search results for "Extracellular Matrix"
showing 10 items of 420 documents
Highly porous novel chondro-instructive bioactive glass scaffolds tailored for cartilage tissue engineering
2021
Abstract Cartilage injuries remain challenging since the regenerative capacity of cartilage is extremely low. The aim was to design a novel type of bioactive glass (BG) scaffold with suitable topology that allows the formation of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) after colonization with chondrogenic cells for cartilage repair. Highly porous scaffolds with interconnecting pores consisting of 100 % BG were manufactured using a melting, milling, sintering and leaching technique. Scaffolds were colonized with porcine articular chondrocytes (pAC) and undifferentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) for up to 35 days. Scaffolds displayed high cytocompatibility with no major pH …
Altered morphological and electrophysiological properties of Cajal-Retzius cells in cerebral cortex of embryonic Presenilin-1 knockout mice
2004
Mutations of Presenilin-1 are the major cause of familial Alzheimer's disease. Presenilin-1 knockout (PS1-/-) mice develop severe cortical dysplasia related to human type 2 lissencephaly. This overmigration syndrome has been attributed to the premature loss of Cajal-Retzius cells (CRcs), pioneer neurons required for the termination of radial neuronal migration. To elucidate the potential cellular mechanisms responsible for this premature neuronal loss, we investigated the morphological and electrophysiological properties of visually identified CRcs of wild-type (WT) and PS1-/- mouse brains at embryonic day 16.5. The density of CRcs was substantially reduced in the cerebral cortex of PS1-/-.…
Neuronal cell cultures: A tool for investigations in developmental neurobiology
1992
The aim of this review is to describe environmental requirements for survival of neuronal cells in culture, and secondly to survey the complex interplay between hormones, neurotrophic factors, transport- and extracellular matrix- proteins, which characterize the developmental program of differentiating neurons. An overall reconsideration of the literature in this vast field is above the limits of the present paper; since progress and refinement in the techniques of neuronal cell cultures have paralleled the advancement in Developmental Neurobiology, we will run instead through the main steps which form the conceptual framework of neuronal cell cultures. © 1992 Plenum Publishing Corporation.
TIMP-3 facilitates binding of target metalloproteinases to the endocytic receptor LRP-1 and promotes scavenging of MMP-1.
2020
AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the related families of disintegrin metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and ADAMs with thrombospondin repeats (ADAMTSs) play a crucial role in extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover and shedding of cell-surface molecules. The proteolytic activity of metalloproteinases is post-translationally regulated by their endogenous inhibitors, known as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Several MMPs, ADAMTSs and TIMPs have been reported to be endocytosed by the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1). Different binding affinities of these proteins for the endocytic receptor correlate with different turnover rates which, together with di…
Molecular evolution of the metazoan extracellular matrix: cloning and expression of structural proteins from the demosponges Suberites domuncula and …
2000
One crucial event during evolution to multicellularity was the development of either direct cell–cell contact or indirect interaction via extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. The identification of those polypeptides provides conclusive data on the phylogenetic relationship of metazoan phyla and helps us to understand the position of the Metazoa among the other kingdoms. Recently it became evident that the ECM of sponges is amazingly complex; it is composed of fibrous molecules, e.g., collagen, and their corresponding receptors, which are highly similar to those existing in other metazoan phyla. While these data already support the view of monophyly of Metazoa, additional studies are requir…
Bio-inorganic Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications (Bio-silica and Polyphosphate)
2014
Bio-silica represents the main mineral component of the sponge skeletal elements (siliceous spicules), while bio-polyphosphate (polyP), a multifunctional polymer existing in microorganisms and animals, acts, among others, as reinforcement for pores in cell membranes. These natural inorganic bio-polymers, which can be readily prepared, either by recombinant enzymes (bio-silica and polyP) or chemically (polyP), are promising materials/substances for the amelioration and/or treatment of human bone diseases and dysfunctions. Bone defects in human, caused by fractures/nonunions or trauma, have an increasing impact and have become a medical challenge in the present-day aging population. Frequentl…
Alternative splicing products of the tenascin gene distinguish rat liver fat storing cells from arterial smooth muscle cells and skin fibroblasts
1992
Abstract Fat storing-(Ito-)cells (FSC) transform into a myofibroblast-like cell type during liver fibrogenesis. A similar development can be observed in cell culture. At the moment, a definite marker to differentiate transformed FSC from smooth muscle cells (SMC) is not available. We recently found that FSC, SMC and skin fibroblasts (SF) synthesize tenascin, a novel matrix protein. As it is reported that various tissues express different tenascin forms by the mechanism of alternative pre-mRNA splicing, we analyzed the tenascin transcripts in these cell types. Total RNA extracted from cultured FSC, SMC and SF, analyzed by Northern blot hybridization, showed a 7.2 kb transcript in FSC, a 8.7 …
Cell fate specification in an in vitro model of neural development
1998
We have studied in an in vitro model of neural development the effect of neighboring cells on the fate of single fluorescently labeled precursor cells. In one line of experiments, PCC7-Mz1 embryonal carcinoma cells were transiently transfected with "green fluorescent protein" (GFP) and, following incubation with 0.1 microM all-trans retinoic acid (RA), the number and morphology of derivatives (neuronal or non-neuronal) was determined that form groups of GFP-expressing cells in a surrounding of unlabeled cells. Because single PCC7-Mz1 cells can produce single-lineage and mixed-lineage derivatives, they are individually pluripotent. In another line of experiments, we have analyzed the fate of…
Growth of human cells on a non-woven silk fibroin net: a potential for use in tissue engineering.
2003
We have examined a novel biomaterial consisting of a non-woven fibroin net produced from silk (Bombyx mori) cocoons for its ability to support the growth of human cells. Various human cells of different tissue and cell types (endothelial, epithelial, fibroblast, glial, keratinocyte, osteoblast) were examined for adherence and growth on the nets by confocal laser microscopy after staining of the cells with calcein-AM and by electron microscopy. All the cells readily adhered and spread over the individual fibers of the nets. Most of the cells were able to grow and survive on the nets for at least 7 weeks and growth not only covered the individual fibers of the net but generally bridged the ga…
High expression of QSOX1 reduces tumorogenesis, and is associated with a better outcome for breast cancer patients.
2012
International audience; ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The gene quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase 1, QSOX1, encodes an enzyme directed to the secretory pathway and excreted into the extracellular space. QSOX1 participates in the folding and stability of proteins and thus could regulate the biological activity of its substrates in the secretory pathway and/or outside the cell. The involvement of QSOX1 in oncogenesis has been studied primarily in terms of its differential expression in systemic studies. QSOX1 is overexpressed in prostate cancers and in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In contrast, QSOX1 gene expression is repressed in endothelial tumors. In the present study, we investigated the role of QSOX1 i…