Search results for "Extracellular Vesicle"
showing 10 items of 231 documents
Extracellular Vesicles: The New Frontier of Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine?
2020
Regenerative medicine aims to repair damaged or missing cells, tissues or organs for the treatment of various diseases, poorly managed with conventional drugs and medical procedures. To date there are different approaches to obtain these results. Multimodal regenerative methods include transplant of healthy organs, tissues, or cells, body stimulation to activate a self healing response in damaged tissues, as well as the combined use of cells and bio-degradable scaffold to obtain functional tissues. Certainly, stem cells and derived products are promising tools in regenerative medicine due to their ability to induce de novo tissue formation and/or promote tissue and organ repair and regenera…
Extracellular Vesicles as Biological Shuttles for Targeted Therapies.
2019
The development of effective nanosystems for drug delivery represents a key challenge for the improvement of most current anticancer therapies. Recent progress in the understanding of structure and function of extracellular vesicles (EVs)—specialized membrane-bound nanocarriers for intercellular communication—suggests that they might also serve as optimal delivery systems of therapeutics. In addition to carrying proteins, lipids, DNA and different forms of RNAs, EVs can be engineered to deliver specific bioactive molecules to target cells. Exploitation of their molecular composition and physical properties, together with improvement in bio-techniques to modify their content are critical iss…
Mastering the Tools: Natural versus Artificial Vesicles in Nanomedicine
2020
Naturally occurring extracellular vesicles and artificially made vesicles represent important tools in nanomedicine for the efficient delivery of biomolecules and drugs. Since its first appearance in the literature 50 years ago, the research on vesicles is progressing at a fast pace, with the main goal of developing carriers able to protect cargoes from degradation, as well as to deliver them in a time- and space-controlled fashion. While natural occurring vesicles have the advantage of being fully compatible with their host, artificial vesicles can be easily synthetized and functionalized according to the target to reach. Research is striving to merge the advantages of natural and artifici…
Air Pollution: Role of Extracellular Vesicles-Derived Non-Coding RNAs in Environmental Stress Response
2023
Air pollution has increased over the years, causing a negative impact on society due to the many health-related problems it can contribute to. Although the type and extent of air pollutants are known, the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of negative effects on the human body remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests the crucial involvement of different molecular mediators in inflammation and oxidative stress in air pollution-induced disorders. Among these, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) carried by extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play an essential role in gene regulation of the cell stress response in pollutant-induced multiorgan disorders. This review highlights EV-transported ncRN…
Differences in intercellular communication during clinical relapse and gadolinium-enhanced MRI in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosi…
2018
This study was designed based on the hypothesis that changes in both the levels and surface marker expression of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be associated with the clinical form, disease activity, and severity of multiple sclerosis (MS). The analyzes were performed on subjects affected by MS or other neurological disorders. EVs, which were isolated by ultracentrifugation of CSF samples, were characterized by flow cytometry. A panel of fluorescent antibodies was used to identify the EV origin: CD4, CCR3, CCR5, CD19, and CD200, as well as isolectin IB4. The Mann–Whitney U-test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for statistical analyzes. EVs isol…
Extracellular vesicles in the human maternal-embryo crosstalk during the preconception period
2020
ANTECEDENTES: nuestro grupo demostró que el endometrio humano secreta exosomas (EXOs) al líquido endometrial (LE) con un contenido en miRNAs específico que puede ser internalizado por el embrión para favorecer la adhesión embrionaria. OBJETIVOS: definir y caracterizar los diferentes tipos de vesículas extracelulares (VEs) secretados por el endometrio humano al LE y estudiar su contenido en DNA, determinar si es internalizado por el embrión y si afecta a su regulación energética. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El aislamiento de las VEs del LE se realizó mediante centrifugación diferencial. Se estudió su morfología, marcadores moleculares, tamaño y concentración a lo largo del ciclo menstrual. Su cont…
Superfood for axons: Glial exosomes boost axonal energetics by delivery of SIRT2
2021
Axon integrity depends on support by glia facilitating axonal maintenance and energy homeostasis, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this issue of Neuron, Chamberlain et al. (2021) provide evidence that oligodendrocyte-to-axon transfer of SIRT2 via extracellular vesicles (exosomes) enables deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins, enhancing axonal energy production.
International Society for Extracellular Vesicles: first annual meeting, April 17-21, 2012: ISEV-2012
2012
Extracellular micro- and nano-scale membrane vesicles produced by different cells are recognized as an essential entity of physiological fluids in a variety of organisms and function as mediators of intercellular communication employed for the regulation of multiple systemic and local processes. In the last decade, an exponential amount of experimental work was dedicated to exploring the biogenesis and secretion mechanisms, physiological and pathological functions and potential applications of the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Noteworthy is the large heterogeneity of in vitro and in vivo models applied, technical approaches developed in these studies and the diversity of designations assign…
Potential Roles of Muscle-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Remodeling Cellular Microenvironment: Proposed Implications of the Exercise-Induced Myoki…
2021
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players of intercellular communication and mediate crosstalk between tissues. Metastatic tumors release tumorigenic EVs, capable of pre-conditioning distal sites for organotropic metastasis. Growing evidence identifies muscle cell-derived EVs and myokines as potent mediators of cellular differentiation, proliferation, and metabolism. Muscle-derived EVs cargo myokines and other biological modulators like microRNAs, cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins hence, are likely to modulate the remodeling of niches in vital sites, such as liver and adipose tissues. Despite the scarcity of evidence to support a direct relationship between muscle-EVs…
Extracellular vesicles from a renewable natural source: development of new biomaterials
2023
Le vescicole extracellulari (EV) sono nanoparticelle membranose derivate dalle cellule che mediano la comunicazione intercellulare trasferendo composti bioattivi come proteine e RNA. La scoperta delle EV come nanotecnologie naturali e mezzi di comunicazione tra cellule e persino tra specie ha suscitato grande interesse nel campo della somministrazione di farmaci. Le EV possiedono intrinsecamente diversi attributi che le rendono un buon veicolo per il rilascio di farmaci in organi e tessuti bersaglio specifici. Infatti, queste particelle: i) sono ben tollerate nel corpo, ii) hanno una lunga emivita circolante, iii) vengono internalizzate dalle cellule riceventi e iv) sono capaci di attravers…