Search results for "Eye"
showing 10 items of 2511 documents
Eye disease and mortality, cognition, disease, and modifiable risk factors: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies
2022
Globally, 2.2 billion people live with some form of vision impairment and/or eye disease. To date, most systematic reviews examining associations have focused on a single eye disease and there is no systematic evaluation of the relationships between eye diseases and diverse physical and mental health outcomes. Moreover, the strength and reliability of the literature is unclear. We performed an umbrella review of observational studies with meta analyses for any physical and/or mental comorbidities associated with eye disease. For each association, random-effects summary effect size, heterogeneity, small-study effect, excess significance bias and 95% prediction intervals were calculated, and …
Histology and Fine Structure of the Iris and Outflow System Following Latanoprost Therapy
2002
Latanoprost therapy can lead to iris darkening in susceptible individuals, particularly those with hazel eyes. Concerns have been raised about whether latanoprost, and for that matter other prostanoids, may have a harmful effect on the iris. In addition, it is unknown whether latanoprost causes increased pigmentation of the outflow pathways that might eventually lead to blockage and a type of pigmentary glaucoma. The present study summarizes findings from the authors' own laboratories on the effects of latanoprost as seen by light and electron microscopy of the iris and outflow tissues and reviews the as yet limited, relevant literature. The findings support the proposal that latanoprost-in…
Eye fluke-induced cataract formation in fish: quantitative analysis using an ophthalmological microscope
2004
We examined the parasite-induced cataract formation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using slit-lamp microscopy to determine the relationship between cataract intensity and number of Diplostomum spathaceum parasites that were established in the lens. Cataract intensity increased significantly with parasite burden, but was also affected by the pattern of exposure to the parasite cercariae. The slit-lamp methodology proved useful in scoring the cataracts since it provides a 3-dimensional view into the lens and gives an actual picture of the location and intensity of the cataracts, which allows detailed investigations of mechanisms underlying cataract formation in various fish species. P…
Clinical and genetic update of corneal dystrophies.
2019
The International Committee for Classification of Corneal Dystrophies (IC3D) distinguishes between 22 distinct forms of corneal dystrophy which are predominantly autosomal dominant, although autosomal recessive and X-chromosomal dominant patterns do exist. Before any genetic examination, there should be documentation of a detailed corneal exam of as many affected and unaffected family members as possible, because detailed phenotypic description is essential for accurate diagnosis. Corneal documentation should be performed in direct and indirect illumination at the slit lamp with the pharmacologically dilated pupil. For the majority of the corneal dystrophies, a phenotype-genotype correlatio…
Optical quality of the diabetic eye: a review
2014
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycaemia. Several structural, morphological, and physiological changes in each of ocular component have been described in detail during the past decades. Due to these abnormalities, the diabetic patient undergoes a degradation of the retinal image by an increase of higher ocular aberrations and ocular scattering coming from mainly tear film, cornea, and crystalline lens. This review aims to provide an overview of current knowledge about the effects of diabetes mellitus in these optical phenomena and its consequence on the visual quality of the diabetic patient.
Bleb grading by photographs versus bleb grading by slit‐lamp examination
2019
Purpose Using a bleb-grading system clinically facilitates long-term follow-up of patients with previous glaucoma surgery. Clinical evaluation of these patients can be challenging for untrained ophthalmologists. Morphological bleb configuration might influence planning of follow-up visits in glaucoma patients due to different and individual prognosis after trabeculectomy. In this study, we compared the MaBAGS (Mainz Bleb Appearance Grading System), a classification system for filtering blebs with other classification systems (MBGS/Moorfields Bleb Grading System, IBAGS/Indiana Bleb Appearance Grading Scale) in reference to usability and reliability and compare it to grading by bleb photograp…
Customized intraocular telescope implanted in high myopic patients with advanced maculopathy
2011
Purpose To evaluate the results of intraocular personalized telescope implantation to improve distance best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in high myopic patients having cataract surgery. Methods This prospective non randomized observational study included 16 eyes of 9 consecutive patients with advanced maculopathy associate to high myopia having cataract surgery. Bilateral implantation of the intraocular telescope was performed after phacoemulsification in patients having the requisites. The telescope consists of two lenses a positive high power lens is implanted in the anterior chamber and a negative one is implanted in the posterior chamber. The lenses power, magnification and residual r…
Lens implant selection with absence of capsular support.
2001
If contact lens or spectacle correction is not viable, little debate exists that the secondary placement of an intra-ocular lens (IOL) is the method of choice in the absence of capsular support. The choice of IOL mainly depends on the preoperative status of the eye (eg, aphakia in children) and the selected location for the implant. Theoretically, there are several IOL implantation approaches in cases without capsular support: an angle-supported anterior chamber (AC) IOL, an iris-fixated ACIOL, an iris-sutured or iris-fixated posterior chamber (PC) IOL and a transsclerally sutured PCIOL. No consensus exists, however, on the indications as well as on the relative safety and efficacy of these…
Brimonidine versus dapiprazole: Influence on pupil size at various illumination levels.
2005
To evaluate the influence of dapiprazole versus brimonidine on pupil size at various illumination levels.Department of Ophthalmology, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.In randomized prospective study, 19 healthy volunteers received 2 ophthalmic solutions, dapiprazole and brimonidine, 1 in each eye, for intraindividual comparison. Before and after application, pupil diameter was measured using an infrared binocular pupillometer at 3 illumination levels (0.03, 0.82, and 6.4 lux).Only slight pupil dilation was observed under scotopic conditions after application of both agents. After 20 minutes, the median reduction in pupil width was 1.4 mm for brimonidine and 0.9 mm for dapiprazo…
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Macula and Optic Nerve in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot Study
2020
The aim of this study was to compare retinal thicknesses and vascular parameters between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) individuals. Recruited ASD subjects and age- and sex-matched NT controls underwent 2 optical coherence tomography scans (OCT) (macular cube and optic nerve cube) and 2 OCT angiography (OCTA) scans (macular and optic nerve head (ONH) OCTA) with the device Cirrus 5000 (Zeiss). Concerning OCT, we considered full retina thickness in 9 macular sectors of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) pattern and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness in 4 quadrants and 12 clock-hour sectors. Vessel density and capillary perfusion…