Search results for "FATE"
showing 10 items of 765 documents
Injury-activated glial cells promote wound healing of the adult skin in mice
2018
Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process that aims to re-establish the original structure of the skin and its functions. Among other disorders, peripheral neuropathies are known to severely impair wound healing capabilities of the skin, revealing the importance of skin innervation for proper repair. Here, we report that peripheral glia are crucially involved in this process. Using a mouse model of wound healing, combined with in vivo fate mapping, we show that injury activates peripheral glia by promoting de-differentiation, cell-cycle re-entry and dissemination of the cells into the wound bed. Moreover, injury-activated glia upregulate the expression of many secreted factors previously…
Adult rat myelin enhances axonal outgrowth from neural stem cells.
2018
Axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) is attenuated by growth inhibitory molecules associated with myelin. We report that rat myelin stimulated the growth of axons emerging from rat neural progenitor cells (NPCs) transplanted into sites of SCI in adult rat recipients. When plated on a myelin substrate, neurite outgrowth from rat NPCs and from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) was enhanced threefold. In vivo, rat NPCs and human iPSC-derived NSCs extended greater numbers of axons through adult central nervous system white matter than through gray matter and preferentially associated with rat host myelin. Mechanistic investigations excluded …
27Al NMR Study of the pH Dependent Hydrolysis Products of Al2(SO4)3 in Different Physiological Media
2018
Soluble inorganic aluminium compounds like aluminium sulfate or aluminium chloride have been challenged by the European Chemical Agency to induce germ cell mutagenicity. Before conducting mutagenicity tests, the hydrolysis products in water and in physiological solutions should be determined as a function of the concentration and pH. We used different 27Al NMR spectroscopic techniques (heteronuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (HOESY), exchange spectroscopy (EXSY), diffusion ordered (DOSY)) in this work to gain the information to study the aluminium species in solutions with Al2(SO4)3 concentrations of 50.0, 5.0, and 0.5 g/L and their pH and time dependent transformation. At low pH, thre…
Dual Function Molecules and Processes in Cell Fate Decision: A Preface to the Special Issue
2020
A lot of water has passed under the bridge since 1999, when C.J. Jeffery stated in a pioneering review that “the idea of one gene-one protein-one function has become too simple” [...]
AP2α controls the dynamic balance between miR-126&126* and miR-221&222 during melanoma progression
2016
Accumulating evidences have shown the association between aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRs) and cancer, where these small regulatory RNAs appear to dictate the cell fate by regulating all the main biological processes. We demonstrated the responsibility of the circuitry connecting the oncomiR-221&222 with the tumor suppressors miR-126&126∗ in melanoma development and progression. According to the inverse correlation between endogenous miR-221&222 and miR-126&126∗, respectively increasing or decreasing with malignancy, their enforced expression or silencing was sufficient for a reciprocal regulation. In line with the opposite roles of these miRs, protein analyses confirmed the reverse ex…
Chondroprotective effects of the combination chondroitin sulfate-glucosamine in a model of osteoarthritis induced by anterior cruciate ligament trans…
2016
[EN] Context: The efficacy of the combination chondroitin sulfate-glucosamine (CS-GlcN) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) has been suggested in recent clinical studies. In vitro reports have also suggested anti-inflammatory and anti-resorptive effects of this combination. Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of CS-GlcN on joint degradation in vivo including the assessment of inflammation and bone metabolism in a model of OA. Materials and methods: We have used the OA model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) in ovariectomised rats. CS-GlcN was administered daily (oral gavage) from week 0 until week 12 after ovariectomy at the dose …
Mast cells crosstalk with B cells in the gut and sustain IgA response in the inflamed intestine.
2021
B lymphocytes are among the cell types whose effector functions are modulated by mast cells (MCs). The B/MC crosstalk emerged in several pathological settings, notably the colon of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients is a privileged site in which MCs and IgA+ cells physically interact. Herein, by inducing conditional depletion of MCs in red MC and basophil (RMB) mice, we show that MCs control B cell distribution in the gut and IgA serum levels. Moreover, in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated RMB mice, the presence of MCs is fundamental for the enlargement of the IgA+ population in the bowel and the increase of systemic IgA production. Since both conventional B-2 and peritoneal-deriv…
Taking Advantage of Nature’s Gift: Can Endogenous Neural Stem Cells Improve Myelin Regeneration?
2016
Irreversible functional deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) are directly correlated to axonal damage and loss. Neurodegeneration results from immune-mediated destruction of myelin sheaths and subsequent axonal demyelination. Importantly, oligodendrocytes, the myelinating glial cells of the central nervous system, can be replaced to some extent to generate new myelin sheaths. This endogenous regeneration capacity has so far mainly been attributed to the activation and recruitment of resident oligodendroglial precursor cells. As this self-repair process is limited and increasingly fails while MS progresses, much interest has evolved regarding the development of remyelination-promoting strateg…
NG2/CSPG4 and progranulin in the posttraumatic glial scar.
2018
Traumatic injury of the central nervous system is one of the leading causes of death and disability in young adults. Failure of regeneration is caused by autonomous neuronal obstacles and by formation of the glial scar, which is essential to seal the injury but also constitutes a barrier for regrowing axons. The scar center is highly inflammatory and populated by NG2+ glia, whereas astrocytes form the sealing border and trap regrowing axons, suggesting that the non-permissive environment of activated astrocytes and extracellular matrix components is one of the reasons for the regenerative failure. Particularly, secreted chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycans, CSPGs, of the lectican family hinder…
Chemopreventive effect of oleuropein in colitis-associated colorectal cancer in c57bl/6 mice
2015
Scope The main phenolic secoiridoid oleuropein and active constituent from olive tree (Olea europaea, Oleaceae), has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties in intestinal inflammation and anti-tumoral effects in different cancer cells. In this study, we evaluated the chemoprevention of oleuropein in a model of azoxymethane (AOM)/Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in C57BL/6 mice and the modulatory effect on the Th17 response in DSS acute colitis. Methods and results Oleuropein protected from AOM/DSS-induced CRC by improving clinical symptoms, disease activity index score as well as suppressed the growth and multiplicity of colonic tumors. Treatment with oleuropei…