Search results for "FATS"
showing 10 items of 230 documents
Food as medicine in psychiatric care: Which profession should be responsible for imparting knowledge and use of omega-3 fatty acids in psychiatry
2011
Accepted version of an article in Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 17 (2011), 107-112. Also available from the publisher: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.08.001 The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on depression is well documented. The purpose of this study was to determine if and how food is used as medicine in psychiatric care, especially how omega-3 fatty acids are used as a supplement in the treatment of depression. This is a pilot study with a qualitative design using questionnaires and interviews among nursing students, tutor nurses and psychiatrists. Three main categories emerged: 1. Nutrition is considered important but few evaluations are made. 2. There was a lack o…
Hypolipidaemic effects of fenofibrate and fasting in the herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed a high-fat diet
2008
We investigated whether the hypolipidaemic effect of fenofibrate and fasting observed in most omnivorous mammals may also apply to herbivorous fish. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed a high-fat (8 %) diet exhibited a marked increase in blood lipids and body fat after 6 weeks. They were then treated with fenofibrate (100 mg/kg body weight) in the same high-fat diet for 2 weeks, followed by fasting for 1 week. Plasma lipid concentration, body fat amount, fatty acid composition, plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and some parameters related to hepatic fatty acid oxidation were measured, and liver samples were stained for histological examination. Fenofibrate treatment decrea…
Rôle des lipides dans la régulation du comportement alimentaire
2008
Obesity constitutes a major public health problem for the 21 st Century, with its epidemic spread worldwide, particularly in children. The overconsumption of fatty foods greatly contributes to this phenomenon. Rodents and humans display a spontaneous preference for lipid-rich foods. But why are lipids so attractive? What are the molecular mechanisms involved? The purpose of this mini review is to explore few basic questions raised by recent data providing evidences on the relationships between dietary lipids and feeding behavior.
n-3 Fatty Acids Modulate T-Cell Calcium Signaling in Obese Macrosomic Rats
2004
Objective: We investigated the effects of a diet containing EPAX-7010, rich in PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)], i.e., a PUFA/EPAX regimen, on T-cell activation in diabetic pregnant rats and their obese pups. Research Methods and Procedures: Mild hyperglycemia in pregnant rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin on Day 5 of gestation. T-cell blastogenesis was assayed by using 3H-thymidine, whereas intracellular free calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) were measured by using Fura-2 in diabetic pregnant rats and their obese offspring. Results: Concavalin-A-stimulated T-cell proliferation was decreased in both pregnant dia…
Is the taste of fat regulated?
2013
Over the last decade, converging data have been accumulated both in rodents and humans, supporting the existence of a sixth taste modality devoted to the perception of dietary lipids. It is well known that the sense of taste is determinant for the food choice and that the overconsumption of highly palatable energy-dense foods contributes to the current obesity epidemic. Thus, an important issue in terms of Public Health is to understand the mechanisms by which the oro-sensory perception of fat is regulated. An overview of our current knowledge in this field of investigations is proposed in this mini-review.
Inflammation et immunité : implications dans l’obésité et le diabète de type 2
2006
The evidences have been increasingly accumulated on the implication of inflammatory mediators like tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the pathological states related to insulin resistance like obesity, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. There seems a link between insulin resistance and these pro-inflammatory agents, secreted by macrophages and adipocytes. Th (helper) cells are differentiated into either Th1 or Th2 phenotypes. It is generally considered that Th1 phenotype is pro-inflammatory whereas Th2 phenotype exerts anti-inflammatory (protective) effects. The upregulation of Th1 phenotype may aggravate these pathologies. One of the adipokines, i.e., adiponectin…
Cholesterol and ocular pathologies: focus on the role of cholesterol-24S-hydroxylase in cholesterol homeostasis
2015
The retina is responsible for coding the light stimulus into a nervous signal that is transferred to the brain via the optic nerve. The retina is formed by the association of the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium that is supported by Bruch’s membrane. Both the physical and metabolic associations between these partners are crucial for the functioning of the retina, by means of nutrient intake and removal of the cell and metabolic debris from the retina. Dysequilibrium are involved in the aging processes and pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of visual loss after the age of 50 years inWestern countries. The retina is composed of severa…
Perception oro-sensorielle des lipides alimentaires et obésité
2016
International audience; The gustation is a dynamic system able to rapid physiological adaptations in response to on-going environmental changes that characterize our feed (rhythm, quality, quantity). Based on the modulation of taste sensitivity thresholds, this homeostatic system contributes to build the feeding behavior by driving the food choices. Therefore, a dysfunction of this regulatory system might impact on dietary habits and thus, ultimately, on health. Consistent with this assumption, recent data report that a diet-induced obesity is associated both with a dysfunction of the oral fat detection system and a preferential consumption of fat-rich diets in rats and mice. In humans, a s…
Effet anti-obésité des CLA : mythe ou réalité ?
2005
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. Inclusion of CLA in the diet provokes a rapid and marked decrease in body weight gain and adiposity in mice leading to a lipoatrophic syndrome. However, CLA supplementation raised fasting blood glucose and insulin concentrations and was associated with severe insulin resistance and liversteatosis. Conflicting results have been reported with regard to reduction of fat mass in humans. We have reviewed the publish literature regarding the effect of CLA on body composition in humans and animal models. These studies indicate that t10-c12 was the isomer that reduced adipose fat storage, however it also increase…
Enterobacter cloacae administration induces hepatic damage and subcutaneous fat accumulation in high-fat diet fed mice.
2018
Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a significant role in obesity, insulin resistance and associated liver disorders. Family Enterobacteriaceae and especially Enterobacter cloacae strain B29 have been previously linked to obesity and hepatic damage. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Therefore, we comprehensively examined the effects of E. cloacae subsp. cloacae (ATCC® 13047™) administration on host metabolism of mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into HFD control, chow control, and E. cloacae treatment groups. The E. cloacae treatment group received live bacterial cells in PBS intragastrically twice a week, every ot…