Search results for "FATTY ACID"

Dual anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of the electrophilic cyclooxygenase-2-derived 17-oxo-DHA in lipopolysaccharide- and cigarette smoke-i…

2014

Abstract Background 17-Oxo-DHA is an endogenous electrophilic derivative of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which is generated in activated macrophages by the action of cyclooxygenase-2. Methods The ability of 17-oxo-DHA to control inflammation and oxidative stress was tested in human macrophages (THP-1) and bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). All data were further confirmed using primary bronchial epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results 17-Oxo-DHA was a strong inducer of the anti-oxidant response promoting Nrf2 nuclear accumulation, leading to the …

Structural determination of the lipo-chitin oligosaccharide nodulation signals produced by Rhizobium giardinii bv. giardinii H152

2003

Abstract Rhizobium giardinii bv. giardinii is a microsymbiont of plants of the genus Phaseolus and produces extracellular signal molecules that are able to induce deformation of root hairs and nodule organogenesis. We report here the structures of seven lipochitooligosaccharide (LCO) signal molecules secreted by R. giardinii bv. giardinii H152. Six of them are pentamers of GlcNAc carrying C 16:0 , C 18:0 , C 20:0 and C 18:1 fatty acyl chains on the non-reducing terminal residue. Four are sulfated at C-6 of the reducing terminal residue and one is acetylated in the same position. Six of them are N -methylated on the non-reducing GlcN residue and all the nodulation factors are carbamoylated o…

The influence of age at slaughter and litter size on some quality traits of kid meat

2002

Abstract To study variations in the carcass characteristics of Girgentana kids slaughtered at 25 or 35 days of age and litter size (single or twin), 27 male kids were slaughtered and body components, carcass joints, pelvic limb tissue composition, meat fatty acid composition and M. longissimus dorsi (LD) colour were evaluated. Girgentana kids slaughtered at 35 days had greater live weights (6.4 kg versus 5.0 kg; P ≤0.01), carcass weights (4.5 kg versus 3.6 kg; P ≤0.01), muscle contents (57.6% versus 54.9%; P ≤0.01) but similar dressing percentages (70.1% versus 70.6%) as compared to kids slaughtered at 25 days. Twin kids had a higher muscle percentage (57.3% versus 55.2%; P ≤0.05) and simil…

Use of weaning concetrate in the feeding of suckling kids: effects on meat quality

2006

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of a feeding supplementation with starter concentrate on “Capretto” meat production and its qualitative characteristics. To this end, 31 Girgentana kids, slaughtered at 59 days of age from two feeding groups (concentrate group (CG) and milk group (MG)) were utilised. Carcass measurements (body components, carcass joints, pelvic limb tissue composition, meat fatty acid composition and M. longissimus dorsi (LD) physical characteristics), body weight at birth, and at slaughter, were evaluated. The effect of concentrate supplementation did not influence the slaughter weight, slaughter and dissection data, tissue composition and meat chemical compo…

Effects of litter size and sex on meat quality traits of kid meat

2004

The influence of litter size and sex on meat quality traits was investigated using 40 Nebrodi kids slaughtered at 47 days of age. Carcass measurements (body components, carcass joints, pelvic limb tissue composition, meat fatty acid composition and M. longissimus dorsi (LD) colour), body weight at birth and at slaughter were evaluated. Nebrodi kids had a low body weight at birth, with significant differences between male and female (4.1 kg versus 3.9 kg) and between single and twin (4.2 kg versus 3.8 kg). Male kids were heavier at birth and at slaughter, however, females had a higher percentage of kidney and pelvic fat (2.1% versus 1.5% of the right side; P < 0.01). Both males and females, …

Fatty Liver and Fibrosis in Glycine N-Methyltransferase Knockout Mice Is Prevented by Nicotinamide

2010

Deletion of glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), the main gene involved in liver S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) catabolism, leads to the hepatic accumulation of this molecule and the development of fatty liver and fibrosis in mice. To demonstrate that the excess of hepatic SAM is the main agent contributing to liver disease in GNMT knockout (KO) mice, we treated 1.5-month-old GNMT-KO mice for 6 weeks with nicotinamide (NAM), a substrate of the enzyme NAM N-methyltransferase. NAM administration markedly reduced hepatic SAM content, prevented DNA hypermethylation, and normalized the expression of critical genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell proliferation, …

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Limits Lipotoxicity by Promoting Hepatic Fatty Acid Activation in Mice on Methionine and Choline-Deficient Diets

2014

Background & Aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a common consequence of human and rodent obesity. Disruptions in lipid metabolism lead to accumulation of triglycerides and fatty acids, which can promote inflammation and fibrosis and lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)21 increase in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; therefore, we assessed the role of FGF21 in the progression of murine fatty liver disease, independent of obesity, caused by methionine and choline deficiency. Methods C57BL/6 wild-type and FGF21-knockout (FGF21-KO) mice were placed on methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD)…

Migratory connectivity amongst Baltic Sea salmon

2014

Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid modulate MAP kinase (ERK1/ERK2) signaling in human T cells

2001

This study was conducted on human Jurkat T cell lines to elucidate the role of EPA and DHA, n-3 PUFA, in the modulation of two mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, that is, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1 and ERK2). The n-3 PUFA alone failed to induce phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2. We stimulated the MAP kinase pathway with anti-CD3 antibodies and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which act upstream of the MAP kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase (MEK) as U0126, an MEK inhibitor, abolished the actions of these two agents on MAP kinase activation. EPA and DHA diminished the PMA- and anti-CD3-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2 in Jurkat T cells. In the present study, PMA act…

Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits cancer cell growth via p27Kip1, CDK2, ERK1/ERK2, and retinoblastoma phosphorylation

2006

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a PUFA of the n-3 family, inhibited the growth of FM3A mouse mammary cancer cells by arresting their progression from the late-G(1) to the S phase of the cell cycle. DHA upregulated p27(Kip1) levels by inhibiting phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, i.e., ERK1/ERK2. Indeed, inhibition of ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation by DHA, U0126 [chemical MAPK extracellularly signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor], and MEK(SA) (cells expressing dominant negative constructs of MEK) resulted in the accumulation of p27(Kip1). MAP kinase (MAPK) inhibition by DHA did not increase p27(Kip1) mRNA levels. Rather, this fatty acid stabilized p27(Kip1) contents…