Search results for "FIX"

Understanding the dynamics of field theories far from equilibrium

2019

In recent years, there have been important advances in understanding the far-from-equilibrium dynamics in different physical systems. In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the combination of different methods led to the development of a weak-coupling description of the early-time dynamics. The numerical observation of a classical universal attractor played a crucial role for this. Such attractors, also known as non-thermal fixed points (NTFPs), have been now predicted for different scalar and gauge theories. An important universal NTFP emerges in scalar theories modeling ultra-cold atoms, inflation or dark matter, and its scaling properties have been recently observed in an ultra-cold…

Functional analysis of the classical, alternative, and MBL pathways of the complement system: standardization and validation of a simple ELISA.

2004

Primary defence against invading microorganisms depends on a functional innate immune system and the complement system plays a major role in such immunity. Deficiencies in one of the components of the complement system can cause severe and recurrent infections, systemic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and renal disease. Screening for complement deficiencies in the classical or alternative complement pathways has mainly been performed by haemolytic assays. Here, we describe a simple ELISA-based format for the evaluation of three pathways of complement activation. The assays are based on specific coatings for each pathway in combination with specific buffer systems. We ha…

Chemical Fixation of Atmospheric CO2 by Copper(II) Complexes of a Tridentate N -donor Ligand

2018

CO 2 Fixation and Activation by Cu II Complexes of 5,5″‐Terpyridinophane Macrocycles

2007

An aza-terpyridinophane receptor containing the polyamine 4,7,10,13-tetraazahexadecane-1,16-diamine linked through methylene groups to the 5,5″ positions of a terpyridine unit has been prepared and characterized (L). The acid-base behaviour, CuII speciation and ability to form ternary complexes (CuII-L-carbonate) have been explored by potentiometric titrations in 0.15 M NaClO4 and by UV/Vis and paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. Comparisons are made with a previously reported terpyridinophane containing the polyamine 4,7,10-triazatridecane-1,13-diamine (L1). For this latter receptor, reductive coupling between indigo and carbon dioxide at indigo-modified electrodes produces carboxylated derivat…

A new result on impulsive differential equations involving non-absolutely convergent integrals

2009

AbstractIn this paper we obtain, as an application of a Darbo-type theorem, global solutions for differential equations with impulse effects, under the assumption that the function on the right-hand side is integrable in the Henstock sense. We thus generalize several previously given results in literature, for ordinary or impulsive equations.

Who uses intermediaries in international trade? Evidence from firm-level survey data

2011

The present paper uses data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey conducted in Turkey in 2005 to shed light on the firms which use intermediaries in international trade. It lends robust empirical support to recent theories which suggest that indirect exporters are mostly small firms which are not profitable enough to cover the high fixed costs of building their own distribution network abroad. Manufacturers which introduce entirely new products to foreign markets are more likely to use trade intermediaries, as are firms which produce low quality goods. In contrast, neither foreign ownership nor credit constraints are correlated with the choice of export mode. Moreover, firms which rely on t…

Testing price-fixing agreements in a multimarket context: The European case of vitamin C

2007

In this paper, we suggest a method to test price-fixing agreements. Prices fixed to multiple shipments are decomposed into a set of destination market effects and time effects in order to allow us to perform an analysis of residuals. We examine the pricing behavior of vitamin C in the European destination markets of German exports. We explore two different periods: January 1991–August 1995 and September 1995–September 2001. Empirical results on the first period, which are consistent with our knowledge obtained from firms’ confessions about illegal agreements, contrast notably with those obtained on the more recent period.

Variations on Weyl's theorem

2006

AbstractIn this note we study the property (w), a variant of Weyl's theorem introduced by Rakočević, by means of the localized single-valued extension property (SVEP). We establish for a bounded linear operator defined on a Banach space several sufficient and necessary conditions for which property (w) holds. We also relate this property with Weyl's theorem and with another variant of it, a-Weyl's theorem. We show that Weyl's theorem, a-Weyl's theorem and property (w) for T (respectively T*) coincide whenever T* (respectively T) satisfies SVEP. As a consequence of these results, we obtain that several classes of commonly considered operators have property (w).

Addition of a fixed combination of brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% to prostaglandin monotherapy in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension

2011

Katrin Lorenz1, Klaus Rosbach2, Andreas Matt3, Norbert Pfeiffer11University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany; 2Private practice, Mainz, Germany; 3Private practice, Köln-Hohenhaus, GermanyBackground: This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adding a fixed combination of brinzolamide 1%/timolol 0.5% to prostaglandin analog (PGA) monotherapy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, pigment dispersion glaucoma, or ocular hypertension who require additional intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction.Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter (n = 5), open-label, single-arm, Phase IV clinical trial in which patients cur…

Three-dimensional singletons

1990

The three-dimensional analog of singleton gauge theory turns out to be related to the topological gauge theory of Schwartz and Witten. It is a fully-fledged gauge theory, though it involves only a single scalar field. Real, physical degrees of freedom propagate in 3-space, but they are ‘confined’ in the sense that they cannot be detected locally. The physical Hamiltonian density is not zero, but it is concentrated on the boundary at spatial infinity. This boundary surface, a torus, supports a two-dimensional conformal field theory.