Search results for "FLUOROURACIL"
showing 10 items of 261 documents
Can Immunogenic Chemotherapies Relieve Cancer Cell Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors?
2019
The unprecedented clinical activity of checkpoint blockade in several types of cancers has formally demonstrated that anti-tumor immune responses are crucial in cancer therapy. Durable responses seen in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) show that they can trigger the establishment of long-lasting immunologic memory. This beneficial outcome is however achieved for a limited number of patients. In addition, late relapses are emerging suggesting the development of acquired resistances that compromise the anticancer efficacy of ICI. How can this be prevented through combination therapies? We here review the functions of immune checkpoints, the successes of ICI in treating…
The SCOPE of definitive chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced esophageal cancer: what direction for the future?
2016
Exclusive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) delivering 50 Gy over 5 weeks with cisplatin and fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is a cornerstone in locally advanced esophageal cancer or non-operable patients since the results of the pivotal study of US Intergroup RTOG-8501 (1). This trial has successfully demonstrated that some patients with esophageal carcinoma may be long-term survivors so that this treatment is now definitely accepted as curative (2). Nevertheless the prognosis is still very disappointing with a 5-year overall survival rate of approximately 25%. Attempts to improve overall survival by escalating the dose of radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin and fluorouracil has been assessed in …
Gut microbiota and cancer: How gut microbiota modulates activity, efficacy and toxicity of antitumoral therapy
2019
Gut microbiota is involved in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Also, it modulates the activity, efficacy and toxicity of several chemotherapy agents, such as gemcitabine, cyclophosphamide, irinotecan, cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil, and target therapy, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. More recently, accumulating data suggest that the composition of gut microbiota may also affect efficacy and toxicity of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, the manipulation of gut microbiota through antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics or fecal transplantation has been investigating with the aim to improve efficacy and mitigate toxicity of anticancer drugs.
Consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer are recapitulated in in vitro and in vivo models
2018
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous disease both from a molecular and clinical perspective. Several distinct molecular entities, such as microsatellite instability (MSI), have been defined that make up biologically distinct subgroups with their own clinical course. Recent data indicated that CRC can be best segregated into four groups called consensus molecular subtypes (CMS1-4), each of which has a unique biology and gene expression pattern. In order to develop improved, subtype-specific therapies and to gain insight into the molecular wiring and origin of these subtypes, reliable models are needed. This study was designed to determine the heterogeneity and identify the prese…
Bioactive Polyphenols from Pomegranate Juice Reduce 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Mucositis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
2020
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) play a pivotal role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Different noxious agents, among them also anticancer therapies, can impair intestinal epithelial integrity triggering inflammation and oxidative stress. A frequent complication of chemotherapy is gastrointestinal mucositis, strongly influencing the effectiveness of therapy, increasing healthcare costs, and impairing patients&rsquo
Fluorouracil and bevacizumab plus anakinra for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard therapies (IRAFU): a single-arm phas…
2018
IF 5.503 (2017); International audience; In preclinical models, IL-1β inhibition could enhance the efficacy of fluorouracil (5-FU). In this phase 2 study, we assessed the activity and safety of 5-FU plus bevacizumab and anakinra (an IL-1β and α inhibitor) in patients with metastatic colorectal (mCRC) refractory to chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy. Eligible patients had unresectable mCRC; were refractory or intolerant to fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, anti-VEGF therapy, and anti-EGFR therapy (for tumors with wild-type KRAS). Patients were treated with a simplified acid folinic plus 5-FU regimen and bevacizumab (5 mg/kg) both administered by intravenous infusion for 30 min…
Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil with or without epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition panitumumab for patients with non-resectable, advanced or me…
2020
Background Palliative chemotherapy of advanced oesophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) consists of cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (CF) to target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with panitumumab (P); chemotherapy enhanced overall survival (OS) in advanced colorectal or squamous cell head and neck cancers. With prospective serum and tumour biomarkers, we tested if P added to CF (CFP) improved OS in advanced ESCC. Patients and methods Eligible patients with confirmed ESCC that was not curatively resectable or did not qualify for definitive radiochemotherapy, were randomised 1 : 1 to receive CF [cisplatin (C) 100 mg/m2 i.v., day 1; 5-fluorouracil (F) 1000 mg/m2 i.v., days 1–4] or CF plus P (9…
Dose-finding study of intensive weekly alternating schedule of docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin, FD/FOx regimen, in metastatic gastric canc…
2018
// Gemma Bruera 1, 2 , Silvia Massacese 3 , Antonio Galvano 4 , Antonella Dal Mas 5 , Stefano Guadagni 6, 2 , Giuseppe Calvisi 5 , Eugenio Ciacco 3 , Antonio Russo 4 , Enrico Ricevuto 1, 2 , on behalf of Oncology Network ASL1 Abruzzo, Italy 1 Oncology Territorial Care, S. Salvatore Hospital, Oncology Network ASL1 Abruzzo, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy 2 Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy 3 Pharmacy Unit, S. Salvatore Hospital, Oncology Network ASL1 Abruzzo, L’Aquila, Italy 4 Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy 5 Pathology, S. Salva…
Phase Ib study of poly-epitope peptide vaccination to thymidylate synthase (TSPP) and GOLFIG chemo-immunotherapy for treatment of metastatic colorect…
2015
ABSTRACT: Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a tumor-associated enzyme critical for DNA replication and main 5′-fluorouracil (5′-FU) target. TSPP/VAC1 is a multi-arm trial phase-Ib trial program aimed to investigate the toxicity and biomodulatory activity of a poly-epitope-peptide vaccine to TS (TSPP) in cancer patients (pts). Here, we present the results of the TSPP/VAC1/arm C trial aimed to evaluate TSPP in combination with chemo-immunotherapy in pretreated metastatic colo-rectal cancer (mCRC) pts. Twenty-nine pts, 14 males and 15 females, received poly-chemotherapy with gemcitabine [GEM; 1,000 mg/sqm, day-1], oxaliplatin [OX; 80 mg/sqm, day-2], levofolinate [100 mg/sqm, days 1–2], bolus/infusi…