Search results for "FUNGUS"
showing 10 items of 156 documents
Melampsora allii-fragilis f. sp. galanthi-fragilis reported for first time to cause rust on Galanthus plicatus in Latvia
2010
In Europe, Melampsora allii-fragilis f. sp. galanthi-fragilis (syn. Melampsora galanthi-fragilis) has been reported on leaves of snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) in Romania (Savulescu, 1953; Bagyanarayana, 2005) and on Galanthus plicatus in Ukraine (Gutsevich, 1952). The GBIF Database has additional records of this fungus on G. nivalis from Austria, Czech Republic and France but the USDA SMML Specimens Database has also records from Hungary and Poland. According to this database, the established distribution area of M. allii-fragilis f. sp. galanthi-fragilis is ‘Central Europe’. Melampsora allii-fragilis f. sp. galanthi-fragilis belongs to the heteroecious rust fungi that require two hosts to c…
Effects of feeding diets supplemented with fungus myceliated grains on some production, health and oxidation traits of dairy ewes.
2017
The beneficial properties of mushrooms bioactive compounds indicate their potential use as performance enhancing natural additive for livestock animals. This paper reports the preliminary results of a research on the effects of diets supplemented with fungus myceliated grains (FMG) to lactating ewes in terms of intestinal parasites control, milk production and cheese oxidative stability. During 8 weeks, 21 ewes were divided into 3 groups fed with hay ad libitum and 1.3 kg/day per head of one of 3 concentrates with 0, 10 or 20% of FMG. In front of analogous DM and nutrients intake, the ewes fed FMG at higher levels showed a reduction of intestinal parasite infection, a tendency to improve mi…
Cytotoxic 14-Membered Macrolides from a Mangrove-Derived Endophytic Fungus, Pestalotiopsis microspora.
2016
Seven new 14-membered macrolides, pestalotioprolides C (2), D-H (4-8), and 7-O-methylnigrosporolide (3), together with four known analogues, pestalotioprolide B (1), seiricuprolide (9), nigrosporolide (10), and 4,7-dihydroxy-13-tetradeca-2,5,8-trienolide (11), were isolated from the mangrove-derived endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of NMR and MS data and by comparison with literature data. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was used to confirm the absolute configurations of 1, 2, and 10, while Mosher's method and the TDDFT-ECD approach were applied to determine the absolute configurations of 5 and 6. Compounds 3-6 showed signif…
Suppression ofBotrytis cinereacausing the grey mould disease of grape-vine by an aggressive mycoparasite,Pythium radiosum
1999
Pythium radiosum Paul has been found to be an aggressive mycoparasite of Botrytis cinerea which causes grey mould disease on the grape-vine. The mycoparasitic fungus enters the host mycelium, coagulates its protoplasm, empties its contents and finally comes out producing numerous ramifications and sexual structures. When the infected mycelium of B. cinerea is applied to the leaves of the grape-vine, the characteristic grey mould symptoms fail to appear. Since P. radiosum causes no harm to the grape-vine, it can be used as a biological control agent against B. cinerea. A brief account of the mycoparasite and its antagonism towards B. cinerea is discussed here.
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans and its relation to pathogenicity.
2006
Candida albicans is one of the most important opportunistic pathogenic fungi. Weakening of the defense mechanisms of the host, and the ability of the microorganism to adapt to the environment prevailing in the host tissues, turn the fungus from a rather harmless saprophyte into an aggressive pathogen. The disease, candidiasis, ranges from light superficial infections to deep processes that endanger the life of the patient. In the establishment of the pathogenic process, the cell wall of C. albicans (as in other pathogenic fungi) plays an important role. It is the outer structure that protects the fungus from the host defense mechanisms and initiates the direct contact with the host cells by…
Antimicrobial Activity of Resveratrol Analogues
2014
Stilbenes, especially resveratrol and its derivatives, have become famous for their positive effects on a wide range of medical disorders, as indicated by a huge number of published studies. A less investigated area of research is their antimicrobial properties. A series of 13 trans-resveratrol analogues was synthesized via Wittig or Heck reactions, and their antimicrobial activity assessed on two different grapevine pathogens responsible for severe diseases in the vineyard. The entire series, together with resveratrol, was first evaluated on the zoospore mobility and sporulation level of Plasmopara viticola (the oomycete responsible for downy mildew). Stilbenes displayed a spectrum of acti…
Growth response of the saltbush Atriplex nummularia L. to inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices
2005
Abstract Plantlets of Atriplex nummularia were inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus intraradices in a pot experiment. Plants were grown in a low P soil. Highly significant growth response of a Chenopodiaceae was recorded for the first time. Mycorrhizal colonization of roots was well developed, internal hyphae and vesicles were observed, but not arbuscules. These observations suggest that arbuscules are not necessary to obtain significant growth stimulation from mycorrhizal inoculation. Atriplex nummularia is already used as forage crops, its high mycorrhizal dependency offers possibilities to develop this production and revegetation strategies.
Botrytis cinerea strains infecting grapevine and tomato display contrasted repertoires of accessory chromosomes, transposons and small RNAs
2022
Botrytis cinerea stands out for having a wide host range and is qualified as generalist.Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that it actually corresponds to co-existing populationsthat show a certain level of host specialization, as described for the French populations T andG1, specialized on tomato and grapevine, respectively (Mercier et al., 2019, Env. Microbiol.21, 4808–21; Mercier et al., 2021 Phytopathology, 111,2355-66).What are the molecular determinants responsible for such host-specialization? PreviousIllumina sequencing data revealed genes under positive selection encoding cellulases,pectinases and enzymes involved in the oxidative stress response suggesting that theseactivities m…
Contribution of proteomics to arbuscular mycorrhiza in Medicago truncatula
2007
International audience; Because proteins are key effectors of plant responses to environmental cues including recognition, signalling, transport and defence reactions, main interest has been paid to characterize those involved in the establishment and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. In our group, the setting up of high throughput proteomic techniques on the model species, Medicago truncatula, is providing step-by-step a large-scale analysis of AM symbiosis-related proteins. Depending on the symbiotic stage targeted and on the abundance of mycorrhizal material, different proteomic strategies that can be combined with other large-scale approaches (transcriptomic and meta…
Effects of hydrostatic pressure on yeasts isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents
2015
International audience; Hydrostatic pressure plays a significant role in the distribution of life in the biosphere. Knowledge of deep-sea piezotolerant and (hyper)piezophilic bacteria and archaea diversity has been well documented, along with their specific adaptations to cope with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP). Recent investigations of deep-sea microbial community compositions have shown unexpected micro-eukaryotic communities, mainly dominated by fungi. Molecular methods such as next-generation sequencing have been used for SSU rRNA gene sequencing to reveal fungal taxa. Currently, a difficult but fascinating challenge for marine mycologists is to create deep-sea marine fungus culture c…