Search results for "FVC"
showing 10 items of 128 documents
A dose-ranging study of indacaterol in obstructive airways disease, with a tiotropium comparison.
2008
This dose-ranging study assessed the bronchodilator efficacy and tolerability of indacaterol, a novel once-daily inhaled beta2-agonist, in subjects clinically diagnosed with COPD. Comparative data with tiotropium were collected. In the double-blind, core period of the study, 635 subjects with COPD (prebronchodilator FEV(1)40% of predicted and > or =1.0L; FEV1/FVC <70%) were randomized to receive indacaterol 50, 100, 200 or 400microg or placebo via multi-dose dry powder inhaler, or indacaterol 400microg via single-dose dry powder inhaler, once daily for 7 days. After completing double-blind treatment and washout, a subset of subjects from each treatment group entered an open-label extension …
Modifications in forced vital capacity during adenosine monophosphate-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma: relationship with the response to methac…
2009
Background The effect of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) on forced vital capacity (FVC) has never been systematically investigated. Objective To compare methacholine- and AMP-induced changes in FVC, as a marker of air trapping, in asthmatic patients treated and not treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). Methods Airway responsiveness to equipotent concentrations of AMP and methacholine was obtained in asthmatic patients treated (n = 32) and not treated (n = 18) with ICSs. The response was expressed by the provocation concentration of agonist that caused a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) of 20% (PC 20 ) and by the slope of the FVC values recorded at each step of …
β-Blockers in COPD
2018
Background Cardiovascular disease is a frequent comorbidity in patients with COPD. Many physicians, particularly pulmonologists, are reluctant to use β-adrenoceptor blocking agents (β-blockers) in patients with COPD, despite their proven effectiveness in preventing cardiovascular events. Methods The large (5,162 patients) phase III TONADO 1 and 2 studies assessed lung function and patient-reported outcomes in patients with moderate to very severe COPD receiving long-acting bronchodilator treatment across 1 year. This post hoc analysis characterized lung-function changes, patient-reported outcomes, and safety in the subgroup of patients receiving β-blockers in the studies. Results In total, …
Effect of High-Frequency Oscillations on Cough Peak Flows Generated by Mechanical In-Exsufflation in Medically Stable Subjects With Amyotrophic Later…
2016
BACKGROUND: Mechanically assisted coughing with mechanical in-exsufflation (MI-E) is recommended for noninvasive management of respiratory secretions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To improve the effectiveness of the technique, a new device combining MI-E with high-frequency oscillations (HFO) has been developed. This work aimed to assess the effect of HFO on the cough peak flow generated by MI-E in medically stable subjects with ALS. METHODS: This was a prospective study that included subjects with ALS in a medically stable condition. Cough peak flow generated by MI-E was measured in 4 situations: without HFO, with HFO during insufflation, with HFO during exsufflation, and with HF…
Efficacy of Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation in Medically Stable Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
2004
Objective: To determine under what circumstances the use of mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E) can generate clinically effective expiratory flows for airway clearance (> 2.7 L/s) for clinically stable patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Materials and method: Twenty-six consecutive patients with ALS were studied, 15 with severe bulbar dysfunction. Using a pneumotachograph and with the aid of an oronasal mask, we measured FVC, FEV1, peak cough flow (PCF), maximum insufflation capacity (MIC), PCF generated from a maximum insufflation MIC (PCFMIC), and PCF generated by MI-E (PCFMI-E). MI-E was delivered at 40 cm H2O. Maximum inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximum expir…
Reduced apoptosis of CD8+ T-Lymphocytes in the airways of smokers with mild/moderate COPD
2011
SummaryChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by chronic inflammation in airways and lung parenchyma. CD8+ T-lymphocytes, crucial effector and regulatory cells in inflammation, are increased in the central and peripheral airways in COPD. The aim of this study was to assess the role of apoptosis in the accumulation of CD8+ T-lymphocytes within the airway wall in COPD. We examined the submucosa of transverse sections of central and peripheral airways from post-operative tissues from non-smokers (n = 16), smokers with normal lung function (n = 16), smokers with mild/moderate COPD (n = 16), and smokers with severe/very severe COPD (n = 9). TUNEL and immunohistochemistry t…
Predictors of need for noninvasive ventilation during respiratory tract infections in medically stable, non-ventilated subjects with amyotrophic late…
2014
BACKGROUND: Acute lower respiratory infections can impair muscle strength in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). When associated with an increase in load on the respiratory system, this situation may precipitate hypercapnic respiratory failure in non-ventilated patients with ALS. The aim of this study was to determine whether a clinical or functional parameter can predict the need for noninvasive ventilation (NIV) during an acute respiratory infection for medically stable, non-ventilated patients with ALS. METHODS: This was a prospective study involving all non-ventilated subjects with ALS admitted due to an acute respiratory infection to a respiratory care unit from a tertia…
Direct effect of cigarette smoke on human pulmonary artery tension.
2010
The effect of chronic cigarette smoke on pulmonary artery (PA) tension has been studied extensively; nevertheless, the direct effect of cigarette smoke is poorly understood. We investigated the direct effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on PA tension in non-smokers, smokers, and COPD patients in vitro. PA samples from 35 patients who underwent lung resection were examined by measuring isometric tension in response to increasing serotonin concentrations. CSE dose dependently inhibited the response to serotonin in smokers and COPD patients, and to a lesser extent in non-smokers. CSE-induced relaxation was similarly inhibited by the nonspecific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor l-NOARG…
Kyphoscoliotic Ventilatory Insufficiency
2003
Objectives: To determine the effects of long-term nocturnal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on symptoms, pulmonary function test results, sleep, and respiratory muscle performance in patients with ventilatory insufficiency due to severe kyphoscoliosis. Design: A prospective study in which 16 severe kyphoscoliotic patients were treated with NIPPV delivered by volume-cycled and pressure-cycled ventilators, over a period of 36 months. Interventions and measurements: At baseline, pulmonary function tests, blood gas measurements, polysomnography, and respiratory muscle strength (measured by noninvasive indexes) were obtained. Symptoms and the number of hospitalizations in the …
2021
BackgroundThe prevalences of obstructive and restrictive spirometric phenotypes, and their relation to early-life risk factors from childhood to young adulthood remain poorly understood. The aim was to explore these phenotypes and associations with well-known respiratory risk factors across ages and populations in European cohorts.MethodsWe studied 49 334 participants from 14 population-based cohorts in different age groups (≤10, >10–15, >15–20, >20–25 years, and overall, 5–25 years). The obstructive phenotype was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) z-score less than the lower limit of normal (LLN), whereas the restrictive phenotype was def…