Search results for "Fab"
showing 10 items of 1201 documents
Characterization of (3H) acifluorfen binding to purified pea etioplasts, and evidence that protoporphyrinogen oxidase specifically binds acifluorfen
1992
It is now generally accepted that protoporphyrinogen oxidase is the target-enzyme for diphenylether-type herbicides. Recent studies [Camadro, J-M., Matringe, M., Scalla, R. & Labbe, P. (1991) Biochem. J. 277, 17–21] have revealed that in maize, diphenyl ethers competitively inhibit protoporphyrinogen oxidase with respect to its substrate, protoporphyrinogen IX. In this study, we show that, in purified pea etioplast, [3H]acifluorfen specifically binds to a single class of high-affinity binding sites with an apparent dissociation constant of 6.2 ± 1.3 nM and a maximum density of 29 ± 5 nmol/g protein. [3H]Acifluorfen binding reaches equilibrium in about 1 min at 30°C. Half dissociation occurs…
Impacts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nutrient uptake, N2 fixation, N transfer, and growth in a wheat/faba bean intercropping system
2019
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can play a key role in natural and agricultural ecosystems affecting plant nutrition, soil biological activity and modifying the availability of nutrients by plants. This research aimed at expanding the knowledge of the role played by AMF in the uptake of macro- and micronutrients and N transfer (using a 15 N stem-labelling method) in a faba bean/wheat intercropping system. It also investigates the role of AMF in biological N fixation (using the natural isotopic abundance method) in faba bean grown in pure stand and in mixture. Finally, it examines the role of AMF in driving competition and facilitation between faba bean and wheat. Durum wheat and faba bea…
Taxonomic investigations on Psoralea palaestina (Fabaceae), a critical species of Mediterranean flora
2016
Psoralea palaestina is a critical and unappreciated species described from Palestinian territories, and currently treated as synonym of P. bituminosa, nowadays known as Bituminaria bituminosa. Nomenclatural investigations allowed to ascertain that it was validly described for the first time by Bassi (1768) and not by Gouan (1773), as previously thought. Extensive taxonomic investigations revealed that this very peculiar legume is morphologically well differentiated from the other allied known species. Therefore, it has to be properly treated at specific level and transferred to the genus Bituminaria, thus proposing a new combination: Bituminaria palaestina. Based on literature, herbarium an…
25S rDNA-based molecular monitoring of glomalean fungi in sewage sludge-treated field plots
2001
Recycling of sewage wastes in agriculture is likely to affect the biological activity of soils through contamination of ecosystems by pathogens and metallic or organic micropollutants. The impact of sewage sludge spreading under field conditions on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) formation by a community of glomalean fungi was evaluated using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and discriminating primers based on 25S rDNA polymorphisms to detect different fungal species within root systems. Medicago truncatula was grown in soil of field plots amended or not with a composted sewage sludge, spiked or not with organic or metallic micropollutants. Overall AM development in roots decreased with …
Can sucrose content in the phloem sap reaching field pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) be an accurate indicator of seed growth potential ?
2003
The composition of the translocates reaching the seeds of pea plants having various nitrogen (N) nutrition regimes was investigated under field situations. Sucrose flow in the phloem sap increased with the node number, but was not significantly different between N nutrition levels. Because N deficiency reduced the number of flowering nodes and the number of seeds per pod, the sucrose flow bleeding from cut peduncles was divided by the number of seeds to give the amount of assimilates available per seed. The sucrose concentration in phloem sap supplied to seeds at the upper nodes was higher than that at the lower nodes. The flow of sucrose delivered to the seeds during the cell division peri…
Egg parasitoid exploitation of plant volatiles induced by single or concurrent attack of a zoophytophagous predator and an invasive phytophagous pest
2019
AbstractZoophytophagous insect predators can induce physiological responses in plants by activating defence signalling pathways, but whether plants can respond to facultative phytophagy by recruiting natural enemies remains to be investigated. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, using a system including a Vicia faba plant, the zoophytophagous predator Podisus maculiventris and the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi, we first demonstrated that T. podisi females are attracted by broad bean plants damaged by feeding activity of P. maculiventris and on which host egg masses had been laid, while they are not attracted by undamaged plants or plants damaged by feeding activity alone. In a second experi…
Mating Status of an Herbivorous Stink Bug Female Affects the Emission of Oviposition-Induced Plant Volatiles Exploited by an Egg Parasitoid
2019
Insect parasitoids are under selection pressure to optimize their host location strategy in order to maximize fitness. In parasitoid species that develop on host eggs, one of these strategies consists in the exploitation of oviposition-induced plant volatiles (OIPVs), specific blends of volatile organic compounds released by plants in response to egg deposition by herbivorous insects. Plants can recognize insect oviposition via elicitors that trigger OIPVs, but very few elicitors have been characterized so far. In particular, the source and the nature of the elicitor responsible of egg parasitoid recruitment in the case of plants induced with oviposition by stink bugs are still unknown. In …
Climate Change: Negationism, Skepticism, and Misinformation
2021
Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es examinar los principales lineamientos antagonistas sobre el cambio climático. Para ello, se ofrece una aproximación teórica a las narrativas y repertorios sustantivos que sostienen los fundamentos de la negación y se diferencia conceptualmente entre negacionistas, climatoescépticos y contrarios climáticos. Estos repertorios son la negación de las evidencias científicas, la negación económica y la negación política. Finalmente, se hace referencia a la difusión de información errónea y tóxica como estrategia organizada y deliberada. Como principal conclusión se abordan los emergentes programas de alfabetización climática para neutralizar la desinformac…
Obtention and characterization of resistant starch from creole faba bean (Vicia faba L. creole) as a promising functional ingredient
2021
Abstract A procedure easy to upscale industrially aimed at obtaining resistant starch (RS) type III (RS-III) was optimized, using a native faba bean from Mexico (Vicia faba L. creole) as RS source for the first time. Pullulanase debranching treatment (6–18 enzyme units (U)/g starch; 0–27 h) and retrogradation process (−30 °C, 2 °C or 20 °C; 1–6 days) was optimized for faba beans. Optimal conditions were determined at 18 U/g for 27 h and a retrogradation process at 20 °C for 6 days. Obtained faba bean RS was also compared with RS obtained from conventional sources, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. Jamapa) and maize, under these optimal conditions. Beans (faba beans, 64.88%; beans, 64.84%) yielde…
The open metastable structure of a collapsible sand: fabric and bonding
2015
This paper deals with the compositional and textural characteristics determining open metastable structures in the pleistocenic sand outcropping in the Agrigento district (Sicily). The aim of the study was to individuate the bonding types occurring between grains that could generate matric suction phenomena. The composition and microfabric were characterised by means of granulometry, porosimetry, permeability, optical and ESEM-EDS microscopy, thermogravimetry and XR diffractometry, electric conductivity, and ionic chromatography. The data thus acquired show that the skeleton of the sand is constituted mostly by bioclasts and microfossils, calcite and quartz monocrystalline grains. Moreover,…