Search results for "Fats"
showing 10 items of 230 documents
Low-fat dairy products and blood pressure: follow-up of 2290 older persons at high cardiovascular risk participating in the PREDIMED study
2014
High blood pressure (BP) has been ranked as the most important risk factor worldwide regarding attributable deaths. Dietary habits are major determinants of BP. Among them, frequent intake of low-fat dairy products may protect against hypertension. Our aim was to assess the relationship between low-fat dairy product intake and BP levels and their changes after 12-month follow-up in a cohort of asymptomatic older persons at high cardiovascular risk recruited into a large-scale trial assessing the effects of Mediterranean diets on cardiovascular outcomes. Data from 2290 participants, including 1845 with hypertension, were available for analyses. Dairy products were not a specific part of the …
Food Intake Adaptation to Dietary Fat Involves PSA-Dependent Rewiring of the Arcuate Melanocortin System in Mice
2012
International audience; Hormones such as leptin and ghrelin can rapidly rewire hypothalamic feeding circuits when injected into rodent brains. These experimental manipulations suggest that the hypothalamus might reorganize continually in adulthood to integrate the metabolic status of the whole body. In this study, we examined whether hypothalamic plasticity occurs in naive animals according to their nutritional conditions. For this purpose, we fed mice with a short-term high-fat diet (HFD) and assessed brain remodeling through its molecular and functional signature. We found that HFD for 3 d rewired the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, increasing the anorexigenic tone due to activated pro-opio…
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Altered Systemic Amino Acid Metabolism Are Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
2015
Article
Protein synthesisin vivoin rats fed on lipid-rich liquid diets
1994
Changes in tissue composition and protein synthesis ratio were studied in the major tissues of the body in young rats fed on lipid-rich, isonitrogenous purified liquid diets, a convenient method for inducing voluntary overfeeding under controlled nutritional conditions. Overfed rats showed faster growth induced by the energy excess. Analysis of tissue composition (protein, DNA and RNA contents) revealed that growth was due mainly to tissue hyperplasia in which protein and DNA contents increased in parallel. Fractional protein synthesis ratio measuredin vivoby the flooding-dose method of phenylalanine showed a marked increase in all tissues. This change could be attributed to an increase in …
Nutritional Status of Maintenance Dialysis Patients: Low Lean Body Mass Index and Obesity Are Common, Protein-Energy Wasting Is Uncommon.
2016
Background and Aims Maintenance dialysis patients are at increased risk of abnormal nutritional status due to numerous causative factors, both nutritional and non-nutritional. The present study assessed the current prevalence of protein-energy wasting, low lean body mass index and obesity in maintenance dialysis patients, and compared different methods of nutritional assessment. Methods In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2014 at Roskilde Hospital, Denmark, we performed anthropometry (body weight, skinfolds, mid-arm, waist, and hip circumferences), and determined plasma albumin and normalized protein catabolic rate in order to assess the prevalence of protein-energy wasting, low lean bo…
Steatocrit test: Normal range and physiological variations in infants
1990
In order to define the normal values of steatocrit during the first 3 months of life and the normal correlation between fecal fat content and steatocrit values, 60 full-term healthy unweaned infants (30 bottle-fed, 15 breast-fed, and 15 mixed-fed) were studied. The steatocrit micromethod was performed in these babies at 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, and 90 days after birth. Steatorrhea often occurs during the first month and then decreases, as shown by the fall in the steatocrit curve from 7th to 28th day in our subjects; at 45 days, few babies have steatorrhea. The 90th percentile profile of steatocrit values shows a value of 25% at the first week of life and a value of 13% at the fourth week. After …
Fat intake in children with autism spectrum disorder in the Mediterranean region (Valencia, Spain)
2015
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been found to have alterations in dietary fat intake and fat quality. The fat intakes of the foods consumed by children with and without ASD were compared, and the deficiency and excess of these nutrients were examined.In a matched case-control study, 3-day food diaries were completed by 105 children with ASD and 495 typically developing (TD) 6- to 9-year-old children in Valencia (Spain). We used the probabilistic approach and estimated average requirement cut-point to evaluate the risk of inadequate nutrients intakes. These were compared between groups and with Spanish recommendations using linear and logistic regression, respectively.Group…
Association of Mediterranean diet with peripheral artery disease: the PREDIMED randomized trial.
2014
Association of Mediterranean Diet With Peripheral Artery Disease: The PREDIMED Randomized Trial The role of nutrition in preventing peripheral artery disease (PAD) remains elusive. 1 Mediterranean diets reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke. 2,3. They also may reduce the risk of PAD, but this hypothesis has never been tested in a randomized trial. We assessed the association of Mediterranean diets with the occurrence of symptomatic PAD in an exploratory, nonprespecified analysis of a randomized trial...
The effect of dietary imbalances on the activation of benzo[a]pyrene by the metabolizing enzymes from rat liver.
1987
Abstract Male Sprague-Dawley rats (70–80 g) were fed ad libitum a standard control diet (22% casein, 5% lard), or a high lipid diet (30% lard) or a low protein diet (6% casein) or a standard diet containing 50 ppm phenoclor DP6. After 6 weeks on these diets, the cytochrome P-450 microsomal content, the benzo[ a ]pyrene monooxygenase (BaP-MO) and the epoxide hydrolase (EH) were assayed. The formation of mutagenic B(a)P metabolites which covalently bind with DNA was compared. The activity of BaP-MO and of EH were increased by the high lipid diet (+27% and 106% respectively) and by the phenoclor DP6 treatment (+63% and 400% respectively), compared to the standard diet. In animals fed a low pro…
Association between the APOA2 promoter polymorphism and body weight in Mediterranean and Asian populations: replication of a gene–saturated fat inter…
2011
Objective: The APOA2 gene has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance (IR) in animal and human studies with controversial results. We have reported an APOA2–saturated fat interaction determining body mass index (BMI) and obesity in American populations. This work aims to extend our findings to European and Asian populations. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 4602 subjects from two independent populations: a high-cardiovascular risk Mediterranean population (n=907 men and women; aged 67±6 years) and a multiethnic Asian population (n=2506 Chinese, n=605 Malays and n=494 Asian Indians; aged 39±12 years) participating in a Singapore National Health Survey. Anthropometric, clinical, …