Search results for "Fatty acids."
showing 10 items of 706 documents
Bempedoic acid as adjunct for traditional lipid-lowering therapy in patients with hyperlipidaemia
2020
Statin therapy has been the cornerstone for the reduction of cholesterol and circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, statin monotherapy has disadvantages attributable to myopathies and to the insufficient cholesterol reduction observed in some patients. There is a need for new well-tolerated therapies for lowering LDL. This review will focus on bempedoic acid in combination with traditional statin therapy or other lipid-lowering agents and its emerging role in LDL-C lowering. Bempedoic acid is also a viable alternative for reducing LDL cholesterol in the treatment of some patients suffering from heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Algae and their extracts in medical treatment
2018
Scientific efforts undertaken in recent decades have undoubtedly proven that algae are an inestimable and, what is more, important renewable source of hundreds of chemical compounds characterized by a wide spectrum of biological activity. Polysaccharides, phenolic compounds and their derivatives, pigments, proteins, lipids, and fatty acids are the substances that can be isolated from seaweeds, possessing antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antilipidemic, antitumor, antidiabetic, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and antiallergic properties, which can be successfully utilized for human needs. The majority of attention has been focused on marine polysaccharides and their application in medicine a…
Longitudinal Study of Cytokine Expression, Lipid Profile and Neuronal Growth Factors in Human Breast Milk from Term and Preterm Deliveries
2015
Breast milk (BM) is considered as a reference for infant nutrition. The role of bioactive components, such as cytokines, hormones, growth factors (GFs) and fatty acids (FAs) is poorly known, but they might be implicated in immune response development. The aim of this study was to identify the lipid profile and the spectrum of cytokines and neuronal GF in BM samples and analyse the influence of gestational age and lactation time on these components. This study used a longitudinal prospective method for the characterization of cytokines, FAs and GFs global profiles in 120 BM samples from 40 healthy mothers (20 preterm and 20 term) collected as colostrum, transitional and mature milk. The cyto…
Novel concepts on the recovery of by-products from alkaline pulping
2016
Innovative biorefinery concepts were developed for the separation and utilization of organic materials, especially aliphatic carboxylic acids, lignin, and extractives, which are formed as by-products during wood-based alkaline delignification processes. The partial recovery of sodium as NaOH and aliphatic carboxylic acids from hardwood soda-AQ black liquor was studied via electrodialysis. The lignin was partly (about 59 % of the initial lignin) precipitated from black liquor by carbonation (pH to about 8.5) followed by electrodialysis or H2SO4 (pH to about 2), with subsequent precipitation of more lignin and the liberation of aliphatic acids. The Na2SO4 formed was successfully separated fro…
Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (ω-3) Supplementation on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors with a Ketogenic Mediterranean Diet
2015
Background: the ketogenic diet (KD) has become a widely used nutritional approach for weight loss. Some of the KD’s positive effects on metabolism and cardiovascular risk factors are similar to those seen after n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3) supplementation. We hypothesized that a ketogenic Mediterranean diet with phytoextracts combined with ω-3 supplementation may have increased positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation. Methods: We analyzed 34 male overweight subjects
Experimental and Emerging Free Fatty Acid Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
2022
The current management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) includes incretin-based treatments able to enhance insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as improve body mass, inflammation, plasma lipids, blood pressure, and cardiovascular outcomes. Dietary Free Fatty Acids (FFA) regulate metabolic and anti-inflammatory processes through their action on incretins. Selective synthetic ligands for FFA1-4 receptors have been developed as potential treatments for T2DM. To comprehensively review the available evidence for the potential role of FFA receptor agonists in the treatment of T2DM, we performed an electronic database search assessing the association between FFAs, T2DM, i…
Treatment options for managing atherogenic dyslipidemia and fatty liver disease
2014
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries with up to 30% of the population affected. Since NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease, these patients should be stratified for CV risk factors, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, and managed accordingly. Lifestyle modifications represent an effective treatment for NAFLD, since most patients are overweight or obese. Also, promising, but not conclusive, results are available for current pharmacologic treatment. Drugs potentially effective against NAFLD include insulin sensitisers as well as fibrates and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, whil…
Potential Roles of Peroxisomes in Alzheimer's Disease and in Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type
2012
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT), the role played by peroxisomes is not well known. Peroxisomes are present in all eukaryotic cells, with the exception of erythrocytes. They are involved in the β-oxidation process of long-chain fatty acids, very-long-chain fatty acids, and branched-chain fatty acids. They participate in the α-oxidation of phytanic acid, the biosynthesis of bile acids, and the breakdown of eicosanoids. Peroxisomes are also involved in the synthesis of specific fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is essential for the brain and retina, and plasmalogens (PLGN), which play crucial roles in neural cells and are essential com…
SCD5-induced oleic acid production reduces melanoma malignancy by intracellular retention of SPARC and cathepsin B
2014
A proper balance between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) is required for maintaining cell homeostasis. The increased demand of FAs to assemble the plasma membranes of continuously dividing cancer cells might unbalance this ratio and critically affect tumour outgrowth. We unveiled the role of the stearoyl-CoA desaturase SCD5 in converting saturated FAs into mono-unsaturated FAs during melanoma progression. SCD5 is down-regulated in advanced melanoma and its restored expression significantly reduced melanoma malignancy, both in vitro and in vivo, through a mechanism governing the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins, such as secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPAR…
Feeding Dairy Ewes with Fresh or Dehydrated Sulla (Sulla coronarium L.) Forage. 2. Effects on Cheese Enrichment in Bioactive Molecules
2022
Sulla is a tanniferous legume species largely used as fresh or preserved forage in the ruminants’ diets. Due to its content in polyphenols with antioxidant activity, especially condensed tannins (CT), fresh sulla forage (FSF), when eaten by ruminants, is able to enrich animal products with antioxidant molecules and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that are beneficial for consumers’ health. Dehydration represents a valid alternative to haymaking to preserve these properties also in periods when FSF is unavailable. In this research, the effects of ewes’ diets based on sulla hay (SH), pelleted dehydrated sulla forage (DSF) or FSF were evaluated on cheese physico-chemical tr…