Longitudinal Study of Cytokine Expression, Lipid Profile and Neuronal Growth Factors in Human Breast Milk from Term and Preterm Deliveries

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RESEARCH PRODUCT

Longitudinal Study of Cytokine Expression, Lipid Profile and Neuronal Growth Factors in Human Breast Milk from Term and Preterm Deliveries

Elena Martínez-arias Parisá Khodayar-pardo Laia Mira-pascual Cecilia Martínez-costa Maria Carmen Collado Marina Santaella Gaspar Ros

subject

breastfeeding medicine.medical_treatment Neurotrophic factors Pregnancy Lactation neurotrophic factor Nutrition and Dietetics medicine.diagnostic_test Human milk human milk docosahexaenoic acid Docosahexaenoic acid medicine.anatomical_structure Cytokine Breast Feeding Docosahexaenoic acid Cytokines breast milk Female Growth factors lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply Infant Premature polyunsaturated fatty acids Adult medicine.medical_specialty Breast milk Breastfeeding Neurotrophic factor lcsh:TX341-641 Gestational Age Biology Breast milk fatty acids Article Internal medicine growth factors Fatty Acids Omega-3 medicine Humans Lactation Nerve Growth Factors Fatty acids Milk Human Infant Newborn human milk; breast milk; breastfeeding; fatty acids; cytokines; growth factors; neurotrophic factor; polyunsaturated fatty acids; docosahexaenoic acid cytokines Endocrinology Colostrum Polyunsaturated fatty acids Lipid profile Breast feeding Food Science

description

Breast milk (BM) is considered as a reference for infant nutrition. The role of bioactive components, such as cytokines, hormones, growth factors (GFs) and fatty acids (FAs) is poorly known, but they might be implicated in immune response development. The aim of this study was to identify the lipid profile and the spectrum of cytokines and neuronal GF in BM samples and analyse the influence of gestational age and lactation time on these components. This study used a longitudinal prospective method for the characterization of cytokines, FAs and GFs global profiles in 120 BM samples from 40 healthy mothers (20 preterm and 20 term) collected as colostrum, transitional and mature milk. The cytokines were analysed by protein array (Ray Bio® Human Cytokine Array G6. Ray Biotech, Inc. Norcross, GA, USA) and the FAs were analysed by gas chromatography. The FA profile was similar between the term and the preterm BM samples. Omega-3-α-linoleic and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and omega-6-linoleic acid were the most abundant in the term and preterm samples during lactation. Omega-3 ETA and omega-3 EPA we observed exclusively in the preterm samples. The cytokine profile showed a different trend based on gestational age. A significantly higher expression of neurotrophic factors was found in the mature preterm milk samples as compared to the mature term samples. Our study is the first to identify the influence and interactions of perinatal factors on cytokine, GFs and FAs in human milk. © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

year	journal	country	edition	language
2015-10-19	Nutrients

10.3390/nu7105415 http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4632435