Search results for "Infant"
showing 10 items of 3339 documents
Affective matching of odors and facial expressions in infants: shifting patterns between 3 and 7 months.
2016
Recognition of emotional facial expressions is a crucial skill for adaptive behavior. Past research suggests that at 5 to 7 months of age, infants look longer to an unfamiliar dynamic angry/happy face which emotionally matches a vocal expression. This suggests that they can match stimulations of distinct modalities on their emotional content. In the present study, olfaction-vision matching abilities were assessed across different age groups (3, 5 and 7 months) using dynamic expressive faces (happy vs. disgusted) and distinct hedonic odor contexts (pleasant, unpleasant and control) in a visual-preference paradigm. At all ages the infants were biased toward the disgust faces. This visual bias…
Use of nursery areas by the extinct megatooth shark Otodus megalodon (Chondrichthyes: Lamniformes)
2020
Nursery areas are fundamental for the success of many marine species, particularly for large, slow-growing taxa with low fecundity and high age of maturity. Here, we examine the population size-class structure of the extinct gigantic shark Otodus megalodon in a newly described middle Miocene locality from Northeastern Spain, as well as in eight previously known formations (Temblor, Calvert, Pisco, Gatún, Chucunaque, Bahía Inglesa, Yorktown and Bone Valley). In all cases, body lengths of all individuals were inferred from dental parameters and the size-class structure was estimated from kernel probability density functions and Gaussian mixture models. Our analyses support the presence of fi…
Female brown bears use areas with infanticide risk in a spatially confined population
2020
Areas used by female brown bears (Ursus arctos) with cubs-of-the-year (hereafter, FCOY) during the first months after den exit are crucial for offspring survival, primarily because of the risk of infanticide by male bears. Therefore, FCOY may avoid areas frequented by adult males during the mating season. The main aim of this study was to identify landscape features (i.e., structure, composition, and human footprint) that may differentiate the habitat use of FCOY in the small bear population of the Cantabrian Mountains (northwestern Spain; 2001–2016) from (a) areas frequented by females with yearlings, because older cubs are at less risk of infanticide than cubs-of-the-year, and (b) bear ma…
The Bruce effect revisited: is pregnancy termination in female rodents an adaptation to ensure breeding success after male turnover in low densities?
2017
Pregnancy termination after encountering a strange male, the Bruce effect, is regarded as a counterstrategy of female mammals towards anticipated infanticide. While confirmed in caged rodent pairs, no verification for the Bruce effect existed from experimental field populations of small rodents. We suggest that the effect may be adaptive for breeding rodent females only under specific conditions related to populations with cyclically fluctuating densities. We investigated the occurrence of delay in birth date after experimental turnover of the breeding male under different population composition in bank voles (Myodes glareolus) in large outdoor enclosures: one-male–multiple-females (n = 6 p…
Red europea para la investigación de la presión arterial en niños y adolescentes (COST Action CA19115)
2021
Resumen La hipertension arterial es un factor de riesgo cardiovascular y renal modificable. Aunque la mayoria de los resultados adversos ocurren en la edad adulta, la hipertension arterial puede estar presente en etapas tempranas de la vida. Mientras pocos cuestionan la importancia de implementar medidas para identificar y manejar esta afeccion en personas adultas, se ha prestado relativamente poca atencion al problema de la hipertension arterial en ninos y adolescentes. Conocer los origenes de la hipertension arterial es un tema que cada vez esta mas presente en los foros de debate. En este sentido, es absoluta la necesidad de una accion paneuropea con el fin de profundizar en los conocimi…
Gangliosides in human milk and infant formula: A review on analytical techniques and contents
2017
Gangliosides (GGs) are important bioactive compounds that offer beneficial anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, and neuronal development effects. The present work reviews the techniques used to deter...
Association between parental feeding practices and shared family meals. The Food4toddlers study
2020
Background Parental feeding practices and family meals are important determinants for infants' diet and health. Still, there is no previous research of the association between feeding practices and family meals in infants. Objective Explore potential associations between feeding practices and family meals among infants. Design We present cross-sectional results (baseline) from the Food4toddlers study. In total 298 parents of 1-year-olds, recruited from all over Norway, filled in a questionnaire regarding frequency of shared family meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and feeding practices using the validated instrument Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. Logistic regression was used …
2017
Abstract Background Results on the association between prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) and child neuropsychological development are heterogeneous. Underlying genetic differences across study populations could contribute to this varied response to MeHg. Studies in Drosophila have identified the cytochrome p 450 3A (CYP3A) family as candidate MeHg susceptibility genes. Objectives We evaluated whether genetic variation in CYP3A genes influences the association between prenatal exposure to MeHg and child neuropsychological development. Methods The study population included 2639 children from three birth cohort studies: two subcohorts in Seychelles (SCDS) (n = 1160, 20 and 30 months of…
Analysis of nucleophosmin–anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM‐ALK)‐reactive CD8+ T cell responses in children with NPM‐ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma
2016
Summary Cellular immune responses against the oncoantigen anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in patients with ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) have been detected using peptide-based approaches in individuals preselected for human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01. In this study, we aimed to evaluate nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK-specific CD8+ T cell responses in ALCL patients ensuring endogenous peptide processing of ALK antigens and avoiding HLA preselection. We also examined the HLA class I restriction of ALK-specific CD8+ T cells. Autologous dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with in-vitro-transcribed RNA (IVT-RNA) encoding NPM–ALK were used as antigen-presenting cells for T cell …
Sterols in human milk during lactation: bioaccessibility and estimated intakes.
2018
Human milk (HM) is the exclusive food during the first 4–6 months of an infant's life. Breastfeeding has been related to significant health benefits for infants, and hence it is of interest to study the bioactive compounds present in HM, such as sterols (cholesterol being the most abundant). The aim of this study was to determine the contents of sterols (cholesterol, desmosterol, lathosterol, lanosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) in 10 pools of colostrum, transitional milk, and 1, 3 and 6 month HM obtained from Spanish volunteers from two different geographical areas (coastal and central) and to estimate the intake and bioaccessibility (BA) of sterols in order to ascertain…