Search results for "Feedback"

Improvement of motor performance by observational training in elderly people.

2010

Action observation influences action execution; this strong coupling is underlined by an overlap of cortical areas activated during observation and execution of action, and is dependent of specific motor experience. The goal of the present study was to verify if action observation can be used for rehabilitation of elderly people. We tested this question with a protocol of observational practice of 2 frequently used movements: walking and sit-to-stand/back-to-sit. Both tasks were performed at normal and maximal speed before and after training, by 8 elderly subjects. Observational practice led to an increase in walking velocity via an increase in step frequency, but without modification of st…

The effect of methacholine on noradrenaline release from the rabbit heart perfused with indometacin

1974

The experiments were undertaken in order to study the effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis on the muscarinic inhibition of noradrenaline release evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation. The right sympathetic nerves of the perfused rabbit heart were stimulated electrically. The noradrenaline output was enhanced after perfusion of the hearts with indometacin 3×10−5 M indicating blockade of the prostaglandin-mediated negative feedback control. Both in the presence and in the absence of indometacin methacholine 4×10−5 M decreased the noradrenaline output by a similar percentage. It is concluded that the muscarinic inhibition of noradrenaline release does not require the functional in…

Corticospinal Modulations during Motor Imagery of Concentric, Eccentric, and Isometric Actions

2019

PURPOSE It is not known yet whether the neurophysiological specificity of eccentric, concentric, and isometric contractions can also be observed when these are mentally simulated. Therefore, our aim was to assess corticospinal excitability during motor imagery (MI) of different contraction types and to test whether a passive movement during MI could have additional effects. METHODS Twelve young participants imagined contractions of the wrist flexors, firstly with the arm motionless (static mode) and second, with a congruent passive movement (wrist extension during eccentric MI and wrist flexion during concentric MI). Motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and H-reflexes were elicited in flexor carpi…

Effects of a Feedback-Demanding Stroke Clock on Acute Stroke Management: A Randomized Study.

2023

Background and Purpose: This randomized study aimed to evaluate whether the use of a stroke clock demanding active feedback from the stroke physician accelerates acute stroke management. Methods: For this randomized controlled study, a large-display alarm clock was installed in the computed tomography room, where admission, diagnostic work-up, and intravenous thrombolysis occurred. Alarms were set at the following target times after admission: (1) 15 minutes (neurological examination completed); (2) 25 minutes (computed tomography scanning and international normalized ratio determination by point-of-care laboratory completed); and (3) 30 minutes (intravenous thrombolysis started). The resp…

The influence of negative emotions on brand trust and intention to share cause-related posts: A neuroscientific study

2023

Negative user-generated content provides cues that warn other consumers to avoid using a particular product or service. This study explores whether brand feedback can counteract consumer backlash to a given company’s cause-related marketing, with a particular focus on how visual attention can moderate negative emotions. Hypotheses based on the Appraisal-Tendency Framework and commitment-trust theory were tested using neurophysiological tools (eye tracking and facial coding) and self-reported measures. The findings suggest that emotions with similar valence and arousal levels cause differing trust perceptions and consumer behavioral responses (sharing intentions), based on the presence or ab…

Can goal setting and performance feedback enhance organizational citizenship behavior?

2008

Moving Away from Patronage: A Feedback Approach

2022

Patronage appointments in government are a continuing issue in many administrative systems. Especially for countries in Latin America and Africa patronage is considered a major impediment to developing more effective administrative systems. A great deal has been written describing patronage and discussing the causes for patronage, but much less research has addressed the dynamics of moving away from patronage to more merit-based systems. This paper reviews the patronage literature and then develops a dynamic feedback model for movement away from patronage. The model links the quality of the services provided by the government, the nature of the political party system, and levels of trust t…

With great power comes great responsibilities – Examining platform-based mechanisms and institutional trust in rideshare services

2023

From the perspective of female passengers, much remains unknown about institutional or platform trust and the sharing economy. The present study was conducted in an emerging economy context to comprehend the significance of institutional trust. The study aimed to develop a dynamic theoretical model incorporating the perceived effectiveness of platform-based institutional structures (PEPIS) as a dependent variable in sharing economy platforms, examine the antecedents of PEPIS and determine how PEPIS affects female passengers' trust in the institution or platform. Different strata of female passengers were targeted using a quota-cum-purposive sampling method. In total, 413 useable responses t…

Q-switching of an erbium-doped fibre laser modulated by a Bragg grating fixed to a piezoelectric

2003

The performance of the Q-switched erbium-doped fibre laser with two fibre Bragg gratings as cavity mirrors was theoretically analysed, employing a set of rate equations for the ion populations and the photon flux inside the cavity. The simulation considers a system where the pulsed laser emission is produced by the temporal modulation of a Bragg grating fixed to a piezoelectric and operating in the 1550 nm spectral region. The temporal evolution of different frequency components of the laser emission produced is governed by the instantaneous overlap between the two gratings. Theoretical results are in agreement with previously reported experimental values.

Active shape correction of a thin glass/plastic x-ray mirror

2015

Optics for future X-ray telescopes will be characterized by very large aperture and focal length, and will be made of lightweight materials like glass or plastic in order to keep the total mass within acceptable limits. Optics based on thin slumped glass foils are currently in use in the NuSTAR telescope and are being developed at various institutes like INAF/OAB, aiming at improving the angular resolution to a few arcsec HEW. Another possibility would be the use of thin plastic foils, being developed at SAO and the Palermo University. Even if relevant progresses in the achieved angular resolution were recently made, a viable possibility to further improve the mirror figure would be the app…