Search results for "Fertility"

Male and female fertility preservation

2013

Delayed Fatherhood in Mice Decreases Reproductive Fitness and Longevity of Offspring1

2009

Abstract This study aims to analyze, in mice, the long-term effects of delayed fatherhood on reproductive fitness and longevity of offspring. Hybrid parental-generation (F0) males, at the age of 12, 70, 100, and 120 wk, were individually housed with a randomly selected 12-wk-old hybrid female. The reproductive fitness of first-generation (F1) females was tested from the age of 25 wk until the end of their reproductive life. In F1 males, the testing period ranged from the age of 52 wk until death. Breeding F1 females from the 120-wk group displayed interbirth intervals longer than females from the 12-, 70-, and 100-wk groups. Furthermore, F2 pups begotten by F1 studs exhibited weaning weight…

Alpha-adrenergic drugs in retrograde ejaculation.

1974

6 men with complete or partial loss of ejaculation as a result of retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (performed because of testicular tumor) were treated with an intravenous injection of 60 mg synephrine. Synephrine stimulates adrenergic alpha-receptors. Only 1 man with sustained retrograde ejaculation improved following treatment showing antegrade ejaculation. This temporary restoration of fertility was thought to be due to an increase in bladder neck tone and prevention of backflow of semen into the bladder as a result of stimulation of adrenergic alpha-receptors.

Long Term Results of Bladder Exstrophy

1999

After primary bladder closure or urinary diversion, other factors apart from the reconstruction gain importance for individuals with the exstrophy-epispadias complex: social integration and, after reaching puberty, sexuality and fertility.

AISF position paper on liver transplantation and pregnancy: Women in Hepatology Group, Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF)

2016

After the first successful pregnancy in a liver transplant recipient in 1978, much evidence has accumulated on the course, outcomes and management strategies of pregnancy following liver transplantation. Generally, liver transplantation restores sexual function and fertility as early as a few months after transplant. Considering that one third of all liver transplant recipients are women, that approximately one-third of them are of reproductive age (18-49 years), and that 15% of female liver transplant recipients are paediatric patients who have a >70% probability of reaching reproductive age, the issue of pregnancy after liver transplantation is rather relevant, and obstetricians, paedi…

Organic coating on biochar explains its nutrient retention and stimulation of soil fertility

2017

Amending soil with biochar (pyrolized biomass) is suggested as a globally applicable approach to address climate change and soil degradation by carbon sequestration, reducing soil-borne greenhouse-gas emissions and increasing soil nutrient retention. Biochar was shown to promote plant growth, especially when combined with nutrient-rich organic matter, e.g., co-composted biochar. Plant growth promotion was explained by slow release of nutrients, although a mechanistic understanding of nutrient storage in biochar is missing. Here we identify a complex, nutrient-rich organic coating on co-composted biochar that covers the outer and inner (pore) surfaces of biochar particles using high-resoluti…

Molecular regulation of lifespan extension in fertile ant workers.

2021

The evolution of sociality in insects caused a divergence in lifespan between reproductive and non-reproductive castes. Ant queens can live for decades, while most workers survive only weeks to a few years. In most organisms, longevity is traded-off with reproduction, but in social insects, these two life-history traits are positively linked. Once fertility is induced in workers, e.g. by queen removal, worker lifespan increases. The molecular regulation of this positive link between fecundity and longevity and generally the molecular underpinnings of caste-specific senescence are not well understood. Here, we investigate the transcriptomic regulation of lifespan and reproduction in fat bod…

SOIL FERTILITY, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN A VINEYARD WITH DIFFERENT SOIL MANAGEMENT IN A SEMIARID MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONME…

2017

In the semiarid Mediterranean environment, vineyard soils are often characterised by intensive tillage and large supply of inorganic fertilizers. Those practices, coupled with the semiarid Mediterranean climate features (warm to hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters),speed up the mineralisation of soil organic matter (SOM) so that many lands have lost much fertility. To counteract SOM decline, the introduction of cover crops with or without nitrogen (N) fixing forage legumes, has become a management technique widely used. Indeed, cover crops besides increasing SOM and potentially mineralisable N, it can mitigate soil erosion in sloping vineyards. However, the competition risk for soil wate…

Life history traits to predict biogeographic species distributions in bivalves

2015

Organismal fecundity (F) and its relationship with body size (BS) are key factors in predicting species distribution under current and future scenarios of global change. A functional trait-based dynamic energy budget (FT-DEB) is proposed as a mechanistic approach to predict the variation of F and BS as function of environmental correlates using two marine bivalves as model species (Mytilus galloprovincialis and Brachidontes pharaonis). Validation proof of model skill (i.e., degree of correspondence between model predictions and field observations) and stationarity (i.e., ability of a model generated from data collected at one place/time to predict processes at another place/time) was provid…

The ecological role of Pyrus Spinosa Forssk. in the ecosystem recovery and land restoration of Mediterranean woodlands

2021

In the Mediterranean basin, large areas still call for active reforestation, having a very low woody cover, thus resulting less resistant and resilient to climate change and suffering from a higher risk of soil degradation processes. Knowing the effects on soil fertility and carbon sequestration of single woody species can be of great practical importance, although being rarely tested. We aimed to assess the effect of Pyrus spinosa on soil fertility (soil carbon and nitrogen), microbial biomass and carbon sequestration (in aboveground stems) of Mediterranean pasturelands. The research was carried out in Ficuzza Nature Reserve (NW Sicily), where large areas are composed of extensive pasturel…