Search results for "Finances"

Généralisation de l'analyse des transformations aux modèles simultanés

1979

International audience

Normalizing biproportional methods

2002

International audience; Biproportional methods are used to update matrices: the projection of a matrix Z to give it the column and row sums of another matrix is R Z S, where R and S are diagonal and secure the constraints of the problem (R and S have no signification at all because they are not identified). However, normalizing R or S generates important mathematical difficulties: it amounts to put constraints on Lagrange multipliers, non negativity (and so the existence of the solution) is not guaranteed at equilibrium or along the path to equilibrium.

Wine - investment: a profitable alternative investment or a simple long term pleasure?

2014

International audience; The purpose of this work is twofold: - to make a first historic analysis of performance through an investment in wine by comparing its performance with those that would have been possible to obtain at the same time by providing financial term investments; - to introduce the regional diversity of performance by considering the situation in the three selected geographic areas.

Le paradoxe du seuil de pauvreté endogène dans les indices de pauvreté

2007

The assignment of powers in an open-ended European Union

2003

Presented at CESIFO Conference “A Constitution for the EU”, February 2003; International audience; A major characteristic of the European Union is its transitional or evolving nature, in particular with regard to the assignment of powers between the two main levels of government. More precisely, under current constitutional arrangements, this evolving nature takes the form of an integration process which tends to be monotonous, that is, which can only with great difficulty be reversed. The paper is mainly devoted to the explanation of how this comes about and what effects this has on other features of the process. As a concluding remark, however, it suggests that an additional criterion for…

Horizontal competition in multilevel governmental settings

2013

28 pages; Governments situated on the same level of a multi-level governmental system compete with each other as well as with governments placed higher or lower. This paper is concerned with horizontal competition only. It discusses both competition based on the mobility of agents and competition based on comparisons of performance across jurisdictions - i.e., yardstick competition. With regard to the first kind, the focus is on the capacity of governments and voters to decide policies in spite of the mobility of agents. Some attention is also given to non-standard mechanisms in which mobility is manipulated so as to change the structure of the electorate. The paper considers two forms of h…

How significant is yardstick competition among governments? Three reasons to dig deeper

2013

22 pages; The significance of yardstick competition among governments is now confirmed with regard to fiscal variables. This is an important result but the significance of the mechanism must also be sought in a context broader than that of fiscal federalism and without limitation to relations and processes fully observable. Three points are made. Even in the case of governments trying to mimic each other over a single variable, additional variables are involved in an important way. Yardstick competition can be latent without being ineffective. Its major effect, then, is to set bounds to the choices that office-holders could think of making. Finally, the mechanism is a hidden albeit essentia…

Work engagement among school directors and teachers' behavior at work

2016

The purpose of this paper is to analyze engagement at work among public primary school directors and to investigate the impact of school heads' management style on teachers' behavior at work, in a developing country. Results are based on a specific survey of workflow processes and a representative sample of around 1,000 public primary schools in Madagascar. These surveys gather extremely rare information on several aspects of the staff’s behavior at work and on the tasks performed as part of their workflow. Two-levels models and least square models are used to analyze engagement at work among school directors, and to evaluate the impact of school director's management style on teachers' eng…

Système d'information statistique sur les dépenses d'éducation : manuel de référence technique

1998

International audience

El abandono en la enseñanza superior

2011

International audience; El objetivo de este trabajo es avanzar en la comprension del fenomeno del abandono de los estudiantes en la ensefianza universitaria en Espafia, tratando de identificar sus principales determinantes. Nuestros resultados se hasan en los datos de una cohorte completa de alumnos que accedieron por primera vez a carreras de cielo corto y largo en una universidad representativa, y que fueron observados durante un periode 8 afios que finalizo en el2004. El amilisis econométrico se lleva a cabo en el marco de los modeles de duracion,mediante la estimaci6n de modeles de riesgos en competencia. Los resultados para los distintos tipos de carreras muestran que la preparaci6n ac…