Search results for "Finances"
showing 10 items of 1041 documents
Réalisation de la rente et généralisation du surplus dans le système de Walras
1986
Pour David Ricardo la rente est un effet de prix, en ce sens que sur la terre non marginale, le prix du marché des produits agricoles est plus élevé que le coût de production. Il précise en outre que le prix courant varie en fonction de l’offre et de la demande. (Principes p. 89 - Ed. Calmann Lévy.). Aussi la raison de l’apparition et de l’augmentation de la rente est-elle l’accroissement de la demande des produits agricoles. En effet, l’augmentation de la demande est la cause de la mise en culture des terres de moins en moins fertiles. Moyennant l’emploi d’un même capital, sur des terres de fertilités différentes, le produit net est nul pour la terre marginale alors qu’il est positif pour …
La défense du produit et le disfonctionnement du système économique
1986
Pour arriver à la connaissance de l'économie monétaire, il est indispensable de tenir compte de l'origine et de l'emploi de la monnaie ; il est non moins indispensable cependant de savoir comment la monnaie est intégrée à l'économie de production. Cette intégration est le pivot sur lequel nous nous proposons de fonder notre étude, dont le point de départ pourrait être l'acquisition de la connaissance véritable de la monnaie, qui joue un rôle essentiel dans nos sociétés économiques. En soulignant certains problèmes centraux, cette connaissance permettrait d'éviter quelques-uns des maux qui frappent nos économies, notamment le dysfonctionnement du système économique, dont l'une des causes est…
Les followers ont-ils vraiment de l'importance dans le modèle de Stackelberg?
2011
In this paper, we consider a T-stage linear model of Stackelberg oligopoly. First, we show geometrically and analytically that under the two conditions of linear market demand and identical constant marginal costs, the T-stage Stackelberg model reduces to a model where T oligopolies exploit residual demand sequentially. At any stage, leaders behave as if followers did not matter. Second, we study social welfare and convergence toward competitive equilibrium. Especially, we consider the velocity of convergence as the number of firms increases. The convergence is faster when reallocating firms from the most to the less populated cohort until equalizing the size of all cohorts.
Museoparks and re‐enchantment of the museum visits: an approach centred on visual ethnology
2012
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the structural dimensions of a new museal offer, museoparks, which use edutainment and more generally re‐enchantment strategies.Design/methodology/approachTo bring out the symbolic dimensions specific to these cultural sites, the methodology used is based on the analysis of photographic media.FindingsThe analysis reveals four main symbolic dimensions structuring these hybrid cultural offers: spectacularization, immersive character, ritualized character, and very intense merchandizing of the experience.Research limitations/implicationsThis analysis allows us to update a hybrid, complex and re‐sized form of cultural experience that goes beyond t…
The role of value in services: a study in a retail environment
2006
PurposeThis paper aims to underline the effects of shopping value on customer satisfaction and to determine its antecedent variables.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative survey through interviews with hypermarket customers was first carried out. It was followed by a quantitative study, carried out in two stages: 199 patrons were first interrogated in order to clarify the outlet characteristics scale. A second set of data was then collected (436 respondents). Factorial analysis, confirmatory factorial analysis and analysis of regression were conducted.FindingsThe last study results show that both utilitarian and hedonic values have an influence on satisfaction; they tend to indicate that…
Fuzzy expected utility
1984
Decision making under uncertainty requires not only measures of the uncertainty of situations that we try to recognize , but also an estimate of the imprecision from which they are determined. This imprecision can be the result either of a lack of exactness in the measure of the elements which are necessary to the determination of the states of nature or the purely subjective interpretation of these states. Through a subjective measure of the non-measurable imprecision, the purpose of the fuzzy expected utility, which is investigated, is to translate with a great accuracy the imprecise behaviour of the decision-maker in an uncertain world. Consequently we propose to introduce first the prob…
On the consistency of the commodity-based technology in make-use model of production
2001
In the Stone make-use model, the industry-based technology is consistent because his solution can be explained in variational terms inside a circuit. However, the alternative model, the commodity-based technology, is not economically realistic: it never corresponds to a circuit, even if an exact solution can be found when the number of commodities is equal to the number of industries. This model hesitates between a supply-driven and a demand-driven model but when it is converted into a true supply-driven one, it retrieves a consistency.
Economical influence and competition into urban area. Measuring test
1986
Définition et propriétés générales de l'indicateur d'influence effective, illustration sur un exemple numérique (agglomération découpée en six zones). Résultats d'une application au cas de l'agglomération dijonnaise (découpage en 20 quartiers; les douze communes périphériques sont retenues dans l'application). On relie onze fonctions de biens et de services: alimentation; équipement de la personne, équipement de la maison; autres commerces spécialisés; pharmacie, optique, orthopédie; services médicaux; services paramédicaux; bureaux de poste; banques et établissements financiers; éducation secondaire spécialisée; hôtellerie. Test de plusieurs simulations relatives à diverses répartitions de…
The France’s mobile phone market faced with the entry of the 4th operator, Free
2016
At the end of 2009, the competition authorities have granted a 4th mobile license to Free, French operator already present in the fixed telephony and the Internet. The new operator not having a good coverage, he obtained permission to sign a roaming agreement with the incumbent operator Orange, enabling Free subscribers access to the network in areas not yet covered. Given its dependence on Orange, Free can be seen as a virtual mobile operator. We use a parameter that describes the level of independence of Free and can take three possible values. At first Free is an operator totally dependent on Orange. Then, a part of the traffic of Free passes by its own network. Finally, Free is an indep…
The microeconomic maximisation of a ratio of profit : a restatement
1993
On the traditional microeconomic theory, firms are supposed to maximise theaggregate pure profit. We study other objective functions which are ratios profit over capital. We explore various combinations, proposing a typology of the ratios o f profit, particularly the rate of profit (accounting profit over capital), the rate o f gross profit (gross profit over capital), the rate of accounting profit (accounting profit over capital). The cases of monopoly with variable coefficient of capital, monopoly with fix coefficient of capital, competition with fix coefficient of capital, are studied. The solutions given by the maximisation of the aggregate pure profit and the maximisation of the rate o…