Search results for "Finances"
showing 10 items of 1041 documents
Political determinants of the fiscal sustainability: evidence from six individual developed countries.
2007
This paper aims at assessing the fiscal sustainability and its political determinants in six countries, namely France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States. First, using the recent sustainability approach of Bohn (1998) based on fiscal reaction function, econometric findings using OLS reveal a positive response of the primary surplus to changes in debt in several countries. In other words, fiscal policy is sustainable in France, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, but not in Germany and Greece. Second, by introducing political dummy variables, we test the electoral budget cycle, the partisan cycle and the government coalition theories. We find the presence…
Constitutional rules and competitive politics: their effects on secessionism
2002
Albert Breton and Pierre Salmon argue that the effects of constitutiona l rules depend on the nature of political competition and on some meta-rules that contain procedures regulating the application and the modification of constitutiona l rules. They outline two models of competition - electoral competition and compound government competition - and describe the nature of the transactions between the parties involved in the two corresponding settings. In both, the transactions are over constitutional rules and ordinary goods and services, all of which are arguments in the utility functions of citizens. To make the discussion more concrete, the paper focuses on the demand for political auton…
Acquiescence to opacity
2017
Opacity may affect both the means used to implement policies and the real objectives that they pursue. Our concern with opacity is limited to the cases when it is the result of obfuscation. that is, of some effort on the part of governments or other public bodies (central banks or international organisations) to hide or misrepresent their choices. In the literature concerned with accounting for inefficient policies, there are now models in which opacity plays no significant role. This chapter provides a number of mechanisms that account for or lead to the phenomenon the authors are interested in, that is, voters preferring a policy to be opaque rather than transparent. It then discusses two…
Comment concilier efficacité et équité dans les systèmes éducatifs des pays en développement?
2005
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Unicity of biproportion
1994
International audience; The biproportion of S on margins of M is called the intern composition law, K: (S,M) -> X = K(S,M) / X = A S B. A and B are diagonal matrices, algorithmically computed, providing the respect of margins of M. Biproportion is an empirical concept. In this paper, the author shows that any algorithm used to compute a biproportion leads to the me result. Then the concept is unique and no longer empirical. Some special properties are also indicated.
Qualitative methods of structural analysis : layer-based methods are informationally trivial
2000
Some methods of qualitative structural analysis, as MFA, are based on the analysis of layers (flow matrices generated at each iteration when the equilibrium of an input-output model is computed). MFA mixes the analysis of the pure structure of production (the technical coefficients) and of the final demand. I have demonstrated that all column-coefficient matrices (or row-coefficient matrices) computed from each layer are the same in MFA: the information brought by one layer is identical to those of another layer. For a given structure of production, the only element of variability over layers is caused by the flows that final demand generates.If the new definition of layers proposed by the …
Heterogeneity in general practitioners’ preferences for quality improvement programs: a choice experiment and policy simulation in France
2016
International audience; Despite increasing popularity, quality improvement programs (QIP) have had modest and variable impacts on enhancing the quality of physician practice. We investigate the heterogeneity of physicians’ preferences as a potential explanation of these mixed results in France, where the national voluntary QIP – the CAPI – has been cancelled due to its unpopularity. We rely on a discrete choice experiment to elicit heterogeneity in physicians’ preferences for the financial and non-financial components of QIP. Using mixed and latent class logit models, results show that the two models should be used in concert to shed light on different aspects of the heterogeneity in prefer…
Les pôles de compétitivité structurent-ils les trajectoires professionnelles des jeunes diplômés ?
2012
National audience; La création des pôles de compétitivité en France a permis un investissement massif dans des projets de R&D dans certains territoires. S'appuyant sur le développement de synergie entre les entreprises, les centres de recherche et les établissements de formations, ces pôles devraient favoriser une politique de ressources humaines propices à l'innovation. Notre recherche propose d'examiner l'effet de la création de ces pôles sur le salaire des diplômés des écoles d'ingénieurs. Une méthode de différences de différences est utilisée pour comparer les rémunérations des jeunes diplômés avant et après la création des pôles. Les résultats montrent des effets positifs de la créatio…
French engineering graduates in corporate R&D: is it worthwhile?
2009
09054; In the early 1990s, several studies pointed out a significant gap in earnings between engineers in private firms working in Research and Development (R&D) and those in other activities. The purpose of this article is to assess, from conventional Mincerian models, to what extent these findings are still valid. The different levels of responsibility and job satisfaction of engineers in both types of activities are also analysed. The results clearly suggest a lower remuneration for engineers working in R&D in comparison to other activities, all things being equal. On the other hand, engineers involved in R&D activities have a greater dissatisfaction about the remuneration they receive, …
French Engineering Graduates in Corporate R & D : Is it worthwhile ?
2008
08010 - 14 p.; At the beginning of the 1990s, Beltramo, Bourdon and Paul presented a report for the French Commissariat au Plan on the prospect for the labour market for scientists, and other papers, which showed earnings differences between engineering graduates performing tasks in R&D or not (the first ones receiving 7% less than the others, other parameters taken into consideration). The objective of this paper is to assess to what extent, 15 years later, these results, which indicated lower earnings for researchers, is still valid. The data used in this study is similar to that in our former work. The data is generated from the survey launched each year (each two years until 2002) by th…