Search results for "Fish"
showing 10 items of 3164 documents
Larval zebrafish as an in vitro model for evaluating toxicological effects of mycotoxins.
2020
The presence of mycotoxins in food has created concern. Mycotoxin prevalence in our environment has changed in the last few years maybe due to climatic and other environmental changes. Evidence has emerged from in vitro and in vivo models: some mycotoxins have been found to be potentially carcinogenic, embryogenically harmful, teratogenic, and to generate nephrotoxicity. The risk assessment of exposures to mycotoxins at early life stages became mandatory. In this regard, the effects of toxic compounds on zebrafish have been widely studied, and more recently, mycotoxins have been tested with respect to their effects on developmental and teratogenic effects in this model system, which offers …
Distinct 5' SCL enhancers direct transcription to developing brain, spinal cord, and endothelium: neural expression is mediated by GATA factor bindin…
1999
The SCL gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor with a pivotal role in the development of endothelium and of all hematopoietic lineages. SCL is also expressed in the central nervous system, although its expression pattern has not been examined in detail and its function in neural development is unknown. In this article we present the first analysis of SCL transcriptional regulation in vivo. We have identified three spatially distinct regulatory modules, each of which was both necessary and sufficient to direct reporter gene expression in vivo to three different regions within the normal SCL expression domain, namely, developing endothelium, midbrain, and hindbrain/spinal …
Study of locomotion response and development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae exposed to enniatin A, enniatin B, and beauvericin.
2021
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by a variety of fungi that contaminate food and feed resources, and are capable of inducing a wide range of toxicity. Here, we studied the developmental and behavioral toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae exposed to three mycotoxins: beauvericin (BEA), Enniatin A (ENN A), and Ennitain B (ENN B). Zebrafish embryos were collected after fertilization, treated individually from 1 to 6 dpf with BEA at 8, 16, 32 and, 64 μM and for both enniatins at 3.12, 6.25, 12.5 and, 25 μM. Mixture of mycotoxins were assayed as follows: i) for BEA + ENN A and BEA + ENN B at [32 + 12.5] μM and [16 + 6.25] μM; ii) for ENN A + ENN B at [12.5 + 12.5] …
Bioconcentration and metabolism of 3,4-dichloroaniline in different life stages of guppy and zebrafish
1993
Abstract Bioconcentration factors (BCF) and metabolism of 3,4-dichloroaniline in different life stages of guppy (Poecilia reticulata Peters ) and zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan ) were investigated. The results prove that embryos of zebrafish, four-day-old yolk sac larvae, 17-day-old larvae and adult zebrafish are able to transform the chemical to 3,4-dichloroacetanilide. Bioconcentration factors in these life stages are between 30 and 42, exept yolk sac larvae showing a BCF of 86. 3,4-Dichloroacetanilide was also detected in extracts of newborn and adult guppies, but they are able to form an additional, yet unknown metabolite. The BCF varies from 34 in six-month-old guppies …
Vibriosis in aquaculture. 16th EAFP Conference, Tampere, Finland, 4th September 2013
2014
Aquaculture in brackish and marine water is growing worldwide (FAO, 2014), including new cultured species. Various Vibrio infections occur, and cause significant problems, in fish, crustacean and shellfish (Austin & Austin, 2007. Vibrio anguillarum, V. salmonicida, V. ordalii and V. vulnificus are among the pathogens that lead to the biggest losses in aquaculture all over the world (Toranzo et al. 2005, Sandlund et al., 2010; Sitjà-Bobadilla et al. 2014).
Duplicated cytoglobin genes in teleost fishes
2005
Cytoglobin is a recently discovered myoglobin-related O2-binding protein of vertebrates with uncertain function. It occurs as single-copy gene in mammals. Here, we demonstrate the presence of two paralogous cytoglobin genes (Cygb-1 and Cygb-2) in the teleost fishes Danio rerio, Oryzias latipes, Tetraodon nigroviridis, and Takifugu rubripes. The globin-typical introns at positions B12.2 and G7.0 are conserved in both genes, whereas the C-terminal exon found in mammalian cytoglobin is absent in the fish genes. Phylogenetic analyses show that the two cytoglobin genes diverged early in teleost evolution. This is confirmed by gene synteny analyses, which suggest a large-scale duplication event. …
The role of salmonid fishes in conservation of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera)
2016
The abundance of freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) has declined widely during the past century, and new conservation initiatives are needed. This thesis focused on the relationship between M. margaritifera and its salmonid host required for reproduction of this species. First, by exposing fish experimentally to glochidium larvae of M. margaritifera, different M. margaritifera populations were shown to demonstrate strong differences in their ability to parasitize different salmonid species. Atlantic salmon was clearly a better host for mussels in large river channels, whereas in small headwater tributaries brown trout was the best, or the only suitable, host. These findi…
Immunization of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), with a low molecular mass fraction isolated from Flavobacterium psychrophilum.
2008
Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome has become a widespread fish pathogen in freshwater aquaculture worldwide. In this study, a low molecular mass fraction (P25-33), with an approximate weight of 25-33 kDa, was identified among F. psychrophilum strains in an immunoblotting analysis with anti-F. psychrophilum sera. The immunogenic efficacy of the isolated and extracted P25-33 was investigated in two intraperitoneal immunization trials with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The first trial included immunizations using P25-33 with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and the second trial included immunizations using P25-33, formalin-inactivat…
Testing Acute Toxicity in the Embryo of Zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, as an Alternative to the Acute Fish Test: Preliminary Results
1994
Acute toxicity testing in fish is a standard method used in estimating the influences of chemicals on aquatic vertebrates. The ecotoxicological data obtained from acute toxicity tests in fish are, however, not sufficiently reliable to justify the continued use of this test. Fertilised eggs of zebrafish ( Brachydanio rerio) were used to test the acute toxicity of chemicals. They were chosen because the development of B. rerio has been studied extensively and information already exists concerning the normal development of this species. The following parameters of the development of B. rerio were observed: coagulation of the egg, gastrulation, number of somites, movement, development of organ…
Corrigendum to “Imaging of nitric oxide in a living vertebrate using a diaminofluorescein probe” [Free Radic. Biol. Med. 43 (2007) 619–627]
2008
Adrian Grimes and colleagues showed in a previous report that zebrafish bulbus arteriosus and the smooth muscle component of the chick cardiac outflow tract may be specifically labeled by DAF-2DA. Using this fluorescent dye they could distinguish the zebrafish bulbus arteriosus from "true" cardiac chambers, the atrium and ventricle (Grimes AC, Stadt HA, Shepherd IT, Kirby ML. Solving an enigma: arterial pole development in the zebrafish heart. Dev Biol 2006 Feb 15;290(2):265−76). The authors regret not including this information in the original version of their article.