Search results for "Fora"
showing 10 items of 1086 documents
Increased survival of honeybees in the laboratory after simultaneous exposure to low doses of pesticides and bacteria
2018
Recent studies of honeybees and bumblebees have examined combinatory effects of different stressors, as insect pollinators are naturally exposed to multiple stressors. At the same time the potential influences of simultaneously occurring agricultural agents on insect pollinator health remain largely unknown. Due to different farming methods, and the drift of applied agents and manure, pollinators are most probably exposed to insecticides but also bacteria from organic fertilizers at the same time. We orally exposed honeybee workers to sub-lethal doses of the insecticide thiacloprid and two strains of the bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, which can occur in manure from farming animals. Our re…
Unexpected diversity in socially synchronized rhythms of shorebirds.
2016
The behavioural rhythms of organisms are thought to be under strong selection, influenced by the rhythmicity of the environment1,2,3,4. Such behavioural rhythms are well studied in isolated individuals under laboratory conditions1,5, but free-living individuals have to temporally synchronize their activities with those of others, including potential mates, competitors, prey and predators6,7,8,9,10. Individuals can temporally segregate their daily activities (for example, prey avoiding predators, subordinates avoiding dominants) or synchronize their activities (for example, group foraging, communal defence, pairs reproducing or caring for offspring)6,7,8,9,11. The behavioural rhythms that em…
Vitellogenin-like A–associated shifts in social cue responsiveness regulate behavioral task specialization in an ant
2018
Division of labor and task specialization explain the success of human and insect societies. Social insect colonies are characterized by division of labor, with workers specializing in brood care early and foraging later in life. Theory posits that this task switching requires shifts in responsiveness to task-related cues, yet experimental evidence is weak. Here, we show that a Vitellogenin (Vg) ortholog identified in an RNAseq study on the ant T. longispinosus is involved in this process: using phylogenetic analyses of Vg and Vg-like genes, we firstly show that this candidate gene does not cluster with the intensively studied honey bee Vg but falls into a separate Vg-like A cluster. Second…
Three-dimensional analysis of the physiological foramen geometry of maxillary and mandibular molars by means of micro-CT.
2017
The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological foramen diameter, shape and distance between physiological and anatomical apex of maxillary and mandibular first and second molars. Accurate knowledge of the physiological foramina morphology; thus, inherent mechanical shaping technical hindrances, is decisive when taking the corresponding root canal final preparation decision. The morphological dimensions of a total of 1727 physiological foramina were investigated by means of micro-computed tomography. Mean narrow and wide (to a high number, oval) diameters of the physiological foramen were 0.24, 0.22 and 0.33 mm and 0.33, 0.31 and 0.42 mm in mesiobuccal (MB), distobuccal (DB) and …
An Ex Vivo Study of Root Canal System Configuration and Morphology of 115 Maxillary First Premolars
2019
Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the root canal system morphology of maxillary first premolars by means of micro–computed tomographic imaging in a Swiss-German population. Methods The root canal configuration (RCC) of 115 maxillary first premolars (Mx1Ps) were investigated by means of micro–computed tomographic imaging and 3-dimensional imaging. The RCC and the physiological foramina results are described by a 4-digit system code. Results Twelve different RCCs were observed in 30 single-rooted Mx1Ps; 2-2-2/2 (30.0%), 1-2-2/2 (13.3%), 1-2-1/2 (10%), and 2-2-1/2 (10.0%) were the most frequent ones. Seven different RCCs were observed in 2-rooted Mx1Ps (n = 81) in …
Assessing the biological activity of the glucan phosphatase laforin
2016
Glucan phosphatases are a recently discovered family of enzymes that dephosphorylate either starch or glycogen and are essential for proper starch metabolism in plants and glycogen metabolism in humans. Mutations in the gene encoding the only human glucan phosphatase, laforin, result in the fatal, neurodegenerative, epilepsy known as Lafora disease. Here, we describe phosphatase assays to assess both generic laforin phosphatase activity and laforin's unique glycogen phosphatase activity.
Assessing the effect of mercury pollution on cultured benthic foraminifera community using morphological and eDNA metabarcoding approaches
2018
Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic element for living organisms and is known to bioaccumulate and biomagnify. Here, we analyze the response of benthic foraminifera communities cultured in mesocosm and exposed to different concentrations of Hg. Standard morphological analyses and environmental DNA metabarcoding show evidence that Hg pollution has detrimental effects on benthic foraminifera. The molecular analysis provides a more complete view of foraminiferal communities including the soft-walled single-chambered monothalamiids and small-sized hard-shelled rotaliids and textulariids than the morphological one. Among these taxa that are typically overlooked in morphological studies we found poten…
3-Dimensional Analysis and Systematic Review of Root Canal Morphology and Physiological Foramen Geometry of 109 Mandibular First Premolars by Micro-c…
2019
Abstract Introduction The aim of this study was to systematically revise the root canal configuration (RCC) literature and to investigate the root canal morphology of mandibular first premolars (Ma1Ps) of 2 populations by means of micro–computed tomographic imaging. Methods This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines including RCC randomized controlled trials and cross-sectional, cohort, comparative, validation, and evaluation studies. Furthermore, the RCC, physiological foramina, the frequency of accessory and connecting canals, and the physiological foramina morphology of 109 Ma1Ps were investigated by means of micro–co…
Root Canal Morphology of 116 Maxillary Second Premolars by Micro–Computed Tomography in a Mixed Swiss-German Population with Systematic Review
2020
Abstract Introduction The aim of this investigation was to examine the root canal system morphology of maxillary second premolars (Mx2Ps) of a Swiss-German population by means of micro–computed tomography and provide systematic review of the root canal configuration (RCC) literature of Mx2Ps. Methods The RCC, main foramina as well as accessory canals and foramina frequency of 116 Mx2Ps, were investigated by means of micro–computed tomography and 3-dimensional software imaging. The RCC from the coronal to apical thirds of the root as well as the main foramina number were described by using a four-digit system code. The literature review follows the PRISMA guideline analyzing randomized contr…
Sorafenib plus topotecan versus placebo plus topotecan for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (TRIAS): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placeb…
2018
Summary Background Antiangiogenic therapy has known activity in ovarian cancer. The investigator-initiated randomised phase 2 TRIAS trial assessed the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib combined with topotecan and continued as maintenance therapy for platinum-resistant or platinum-refractory ovarian cancer. Methods We did a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 2 trial at 20 sites in Germany. Patients (≥18 years) with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer previously treated with two or fewer chemotherapy lines for recurrent disease were stratified (first vs later relapse) in block sizes of four and randomly assigned (1:1) using a web-generated response system to topotec…