Search results for "Forensic"
showing 10 items of 1701 documents
The predictive and incremental validity of the German adaptation of the Static-2002 in a sexual offender sample released from the prison system
2015
Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the predictive validity of the German adaptation of the Static-2002 and to compare it with the results of the Static-99. Method The predictive validity of Static-2002 was investigated in a sample of n = 452 sexual offenders released from the Austrian Prison System. The instrument was coded retrospectively using file information. Afterwards, the predictive estimates of the Static-2002 were related to officially documented reconviction data. Results The Static-2002 was found to have large effect sizes for predicting sexual, violent, and general recidivism (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = .78, .75, .75, respectively) f…
Aircraft noise and premature birth
1978
Abstract Certain physiological effects suggest that there may be a relationship between premature birth and noise exposure. Vasoconstriction in the peripheric blood vessel system is one effect. Others would be augmentation of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone and a higher vegetative excitability during pregnancy. Animal experiments have demonstrated negative effects but there is little literature available as yet on the specific relationship between exposure to aircraft noise and negative effects on pregnancies. A study of this relationship was undertaken in an area near the airport at Dusseldorf, Germany. While no significant negative effects could be demonstrated, a tendency toward an incr…
Molecular Alterations of the RBI, TP53, and MDM2 Genes in Primary and Xenografted Human Osteosarcomas
1997
We report the status of the RBI, TP53, and MDM2 genes in human osteosarcomas and cell lines established from surgical specimens and transplanted into athymic naked mice. By using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as a prescreening technique and posterior sequencing, we observe
Ischemic Preconditioning: Postischemic Structural Changes in the Brain
2008
Ischemic brain damage can be prevented or at least significantly reduced when there is a preceding brief ischemic period that does not exceed the threshold for tissue damage--a phenomenon termed "ischemic preconditioning" (ischemic PC). Experimental PC in rodents is now considered to be a model for transient ischemic attacks in humans, and there is increasing hope for translating the knowledge of underlying mechanisms in the animal models into the clinic to enhance endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms in patients with stroke. However, although PC was originally defined as a subtoxic stimulus without any morphologic damage, there is a growing body of evidence from studies using sensitive te…
Differentiation-associated apoptosis of neural stem cells is effected by Bcl-2 overexpression: impact on cell lineage determination
2001
Apoptosis is an integral part of neural development. To elucidate the importance of programmed cell death on cell lineage determination we utilized murine PCC7-Mzl cells, a model system for neural differentiation. Treatment of pluripotent PCC7-Mzl stem cells with 0.1 microM all-trans retinoic acid (RA) causes a cease of proliferation and an initiation of differentiation into neurons, glial cells and fibroblasts. Simultaneously, a fraction of the cell culture (ca. 25%) dies within 24 h by apoptosis. We transfected PCC7-Mzl cells with the human bcl-2 cDNA and generated PCC7-Mz-Bcl-2 cell lines expressing two- to tenfold higher levels of Bcl-2 than parental cells. Overexpression of Bcl-2 resul…
Characterization of cells with different mitochondrial membrane potential during apoptosis.
2005
Background Until now, the simultaneous analysis of several parameters during apoptosis, including DNA content and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ), has not been possible because of the spectral characteristics of the commonly used dyes. Using polychromatic flow cytometry based upon multiple laser and UV lamp excitation, we have characterized cells with different ΔΨ during apoptosis. Methods U937 cells were treated with the flavonoid quercetin (Qu) and stained with JC-1 to detect ΔΨ, propidium iodide (PI) for cell viability, Hoechst 33342 for DNA content, Annexin V conjugated with Alexa Fluor-647 for detection of phosphatidilserine (PS) exposure, marker of early apoptosis, or Mitotracke…
Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha inactivation unveils a link between tumor cell metabolism and hypoxia-induced cell death.
2008
Hypoxia and the acquisition of a glycolytic phenotype are intrinsic features of the tumor microenvironment. The hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) pathway is activated under hypoxic conditions and orchestrates a complex transcriptional program that enhances cell survival. Although the consequences of HIF-1alpha inactivation in cancer cells have been widely investigated, only a few studies have addressed the role of HIF-1alpha in the survival of cancer cells endowed with different glycolytic capacities. In this study, we investigated this aspect in ovarian cancer cells. Hypoxia-induced toxicity was increased in highly glycolytic cells compared with poorly glycolytic cells; it was a…
Differential Roles of JNK in ConA/GalN and ConA-Induced Liver Injury in Mice
2008
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated liver injury can be induced by several different means; however, the signaling events and mechanisms of cell death are likely different. We investigated the mechanism of both apoptotic and necrotic hepatocyte cell death as well as the role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in the ConA and ConA/D-galactosamine (GalN) models of murine liver injury. ConA alone induced primarily necrotic cell death with no caspase activation, whereas ConA/GalN induced apoptosis in addition to necrotic cell death. The bi-modal death pattern in the ConA/GalN model was confirmed by the use of transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative form of Fas-associated death domain in…
Toxic effects on astrocytes of extracellular vesicles from CSF of multiple sclerosis patients: a pilot in vitro study.
2020
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that causes a progressive loss of motor and cognitive perfor-mances. Moreover, since the earlier phases, axonal loss as well as neuronal degener-ation and a failure of oligodendrocytes to promote myelin repair have been demon-strated. In previous studies, it has been shown that the treatment of rat neuronal primary cultures with serum from MS patients can be toxic for neurons. Here we report a pilot investigation showing that CSF from patients contains extracellular vesicles (EVs) able to induce cell death in rat cultured astrocytes. Although these data are still preliminary, they suggest …
Studies on the subcellular pathophysiology of acute lethal cell injury.
1974
Summary In this paper we have summarized the effects of acute lethal injury on the cell. Such injuries are defined as injuries that result in cell death within a relatively short period of time usually minutes or hours. Following death; the cell undergoes necrosis. Ultrastructural and biochemical methods are needed to study pathophysiology. The cell passes through a series of stages numbered 1 through 7. Stages 1 through 4 are reversible while 5 through 7 are irreversible. Injuries resulting in acute cell death and necrosis include direct damage to the cell membrane, for example by antibody and complement or non-penetrating mercurials or interference with mitochondrial energy supply as in i…