Search results for "Formality"
showing 10 items of 15 documents
Eventual Consistency Formalized
2019
Distribution of computation is well-known, and there are several frameworks, including some formal frameworks, that capture distributed computation. As yet, however, models of distributed computation are based on the idea that data is conceptually centralized. That is, they assume that data, even if it is distributed, is consistent. This assumption is not valid for many of the database systems in use today, where consistency is compromised to ensure availability and partition tolerance. Starting with an informal definition of eventual consistency, this paper explores several measures of inconsistency that quantify how far from consistency a system is. These measures capture key aspects of e…
Kontsevich formality and cohomologies for graphs
2004
A formality on a manifold M is a quasi isomorphism between the space of polyvector fields (Tpoly(M)) and the space of multidifferential operators (Dpoly(M)). In the case M=R d , such a mapping was explicitly built by Kontsevich, using graphs drawn in configuration spaces. Looking for such a construction step by step, we have to consider several cohomologies (Hochschild, Chevalley, and Harrison and Chevalley) for mappings defined on Tpoly. Restricting ourselves to the case of mappings defined with graphs, we determine the corresponding coboundary operators directly on the spaces of graphs. The last cohomology vanishes.
Neurophilosophy in Zubiri’s perspective?
2016
The current intellectual situation is characterized by the vigour of neurophilosophy, founded on the new data of the neurosciences, in an attempt to replace traditional philosophical methods by the method of natural sciences. My aim is to show that Zubiri’s philosophy, which is also associated with the natural sciences, is a successful alternative to the pseudo-scientific and reductionist neurophilosophy, because his Noology is intrinsically connected to Neurobiology, especially through the concepts of formality and formalization, which are the basis for grounding a new conception of intelligence and reality.
Informal language in English L2 writing: What are pupils taught from textbooks?
2019
AbstractStudies show that intermediate and advanced learners of English overuse informal features in their academic writing, and researchers recommend that instructional material is developed to raise learners’ awareness of this overuse. In Norway, little research has been done on younger learners’ writing, and no previous study exists of how instructional material such as textbooks deal with informality. The present article investigates how all English textbooks published for lower secondary school under the current curriculum deal with informality in writing. The findings show that eight out of nine textbooks include instruction on informality. The most frequently mentioned informal featu…
Pandemics and Inequality: Assessing the Impact of COVID-19
2020
This chapter provides evidence on the impact of major epidemics from the past two decades on inequality and job prospects. Our results justify the concern that the COVID-19 pandemic could significantly raise inequality; past events of this kind, even though much smaller in scale, have led to increases in the Gini coefficient, lowered the employment-to-population ratio for those with basic education compared to those with higher education, and pushed people into precarious work in the form of self-employment or in the informal sector.
DIGITALE MODERATION IN DER DAF-LEHRENDENBILDUNG
2022
The aim of this paper is to show patterns in the moderation of video conferences. The corpus used comes from the Erasmus+ project LEELU (development of teaching skills for extensive reading lessons). The subject of the investigation was how changes in the agenda are negotiated at the beginning of the meetings. A multimodal method based on conversation analysis was chosen for the analysis.
Constitucionalismo democrático e innovación constitucional en Ecuador
2021
Desde la activación del poder constituyente en la Constitución colombiana de 1991, diversas constituciones democráticas han supuesto cambios estructurales importantes en varios países latinoamericanos, tanto en la organización de los poderes públicos como en la legitimidad democrática del poder y la regeneración constitucional de los derechos. De entre estos nuevos textos constitucionales latinoamericanos destaca, por su originalidad y avances teóricos, la Constitución ecuatoriana de 2009: el primer caso de constitucionalismo de transición en el nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano. Estas constituciones, no obstante, se encuentran ante un problema de aplicación que dificulta su funcio…
A cross-cultural investigation of email communication in Peninsular Spanish and British English. The role of (in)formality and (in)directness
2013
This paper examines the email discursive practices of particular speakers of two different languages, namely Peninsular Spanish and British English. More specifically, our study focuses on (in)formality and (in)directness therein, for these lie at the heart of considerable scholarly debate regarding, respectively (i) the general stylistic drift towards orality and informality in technology-mediated communication, and (ii) the degree of communicative (in)directness – within broader politeness orientations – of speakers of different languages, specifically an orientation towards directness in Peninsular Spanish vis-à-vis indirectness in British English. The aim of this paper is thus to invest…
Managing risks in organizational purchasing through adaptation of buying centre structure and the buying process
2008
Abstract Although risk issues have extensively been explored, studies on risk perceptions and risk management from a buying centre perspective are surprisingly few. In this qualitative study, purchase-related risk management by adapting buying centre structures and buying processes was examined through semi-structured interviews among 15 business organizations. The findings suggest that although organizations perceive risks in highly similar ways, notable industry-specific differences exist in how risks are tolerated and managed. In the case of heightened perceived risk, high-tech companies were found to rely more on informality and decentralization of decision-making in risk management, wh…
On Formalizing Logical Modalities
2021
This paper is in the scope of the philosophy of modal logic; more precisely, it concerns the semantics of modal logic, when the modal elements are interpreted as logical modalities. Most authors have thought that the logic for logical modality—that is, the one to be used to formalize the notion of logical truth (and other related notions)—is to be found among logical systems in which modalities are allowed to be iterated. This has raised the problem of the adequacy, to that formalization purpose, of some modal schemes, such as S4 and S5 . It has been argued that the acceptance of S5 leads to non-normal modal systems, in which the uniform substitution rule fails. The thesis supported in this…