Search results for "Formate"
showing 10 items of 111 documents
Über die bestimmung des zahlenmittels des molekulargewichts von polyoxymethylenen. 36. Mitt. Über polyoxymethylene
1968
Die Bestimmung des Zahlenmittels des Molekulargewichts (Mn) von Polyoxymethylenen durch Osmose, durch Kryoskopie, durch chemische und infrarotspektroskopische Endgruppenbestimmung und durch andere Methoden wird diskutiert. Osmotische Messungen in Phenol bei 90°C gelangen mit Cellophanmembranen besser als mit Glasmembranen. Kryoskopische Messungen nach RAST in Campher ergaben nur in Gegenwart eines Antioxydans zuverlassige Ergebnisse. Zur Endgruppenanalyse wurde vor allem die infrarotspektroskopische Bestimmung von Acetatgruppen weiterentwickelt; zur Auswertung wurde die Intensitat der Carbonylbande bei 5,70 μ in Beziehung gesetzt zu der CH2-Bande bei 6,8 μ und eine Eichung mit Hilfe des Chr…
Da movimento ereticale a chiesa riformata: una lettura del valdismo attraverso le sue confessioni di fede
2020
Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar el encuentro entre Valdismo y Reforma, y la trasformación del movimiento herético medieval en iglesia reformada a través del examen de dos confesiones de fe: la Declaración del Sínodo de Chanforan (1532), por medio de la cual se determina la incorporación de los valdenses a la Reforma, y la Confesión de fe valdense de 1655, en la que podemos relevar los rasgos de una iglesia ya claramente definida, provista de una doctrina, una organización y una disciplina eclesiástica marcadamente protestantes.
Regulatory O 2 tensions for the synthesis of fermentation products in Escherichia coli and relation to aerobic respiration
1997
In an oxystat, the synthesis of the fermentation products formate, acetate, ethanol, lactate, and succinate of Escherichia coli was studied as a function of the O2 tension (pO2) in the medium. The pO2 values that gave rise to half-maximal synthesis of the products (pO0. 5) were 0.2-0.4 mbar for ethanol, acetate, and succinate, and 1 mbar for formate. The pO0.5 for the expression of the adhE gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase was approximately 0.8 mbar. Thus, the pO2 for the onset of fermentation was distinctly lower than that for anaerobic respiration (pO0.5/= 5 mbar), which was determined earlier. An essential role for quinol oxidase bd in microaerobic growth was demonstrated. A mutant de…
Extracellular oxidoreduction potential modifies carbon and electron flow in Escherichia coli.
2000
ABSTRACT Wild-type Escherichia coli K-12 ferments glucose to a mixture of ethanol and acetic, lactic, formic, and succinic acids. In anoxic chemostat culture at four dilution rates and two different oxidoreduction potentials (ORP), this strain generated a spectrum of products which depended on ORP. Whatever the dilution rate tested, in low reducing conditions (−100 mV), the production of formate, acetate, ethanol, and lactate was in molar proportions of approximately 2.5:1:1:0.3, and in high reducing conditions (−320 mV), the production was in molar proportions of 2:0.6:1:2. The modification of metabolic fluxes was due to an ORP effect on the synthesis or stability of some fermentation enzy…
Optimizing the nickel boride layer thickness in a spectroelectrochemical ATR-FTIR thin-film flow cell applied in glycerol oxidation
2021
Abstract The influence of the drop-casted nickel boride catalyst loading on glassy carbon electrodes was investigated in a spectroelectrochemical ATR-FTIR thin-film flow cell applied in alkaline glycerol electrooxidation. The continuously operated radial flow cell consisted of a borehole electrode positioned 50 µm above an internal reflection element enabling operando FTIR spectroscopy. It is identified as a suitable tool for facile and reproducible screening of electrocatalysts under well-defined conditions, additionally providing access to the selectivities in complex reaction networks such as glycerol oxidation. The fast product identification by ATR-IR spectroscopy was validated by the …
Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid using a Sn based electrode: A critical review on the state-of-the-art technologies and their potenti…
2021
Abstract The electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide is considered one of the most promising strategies to convert waste-CO2 into value-added chemicals. This review focuses on the synthesis of formic acid/formate in aqueous electrolyte using Sn-based cathodes; this material is considered relatively cheap and shows promising results in terms of faradaic efficiency. In order to be suitable at an industrial scale, the process should present simultaneously high current densities, faradaic efficiencies close to 100%, high concentrations of formic acid and long-term stability. Analysing the main results reported in the literature, it was observed that to date further studies are necessary to…
Polar metal–formate frameworks templated with 1,2-diaminoethane–water assemblies showing ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties
2017
A set of five novel formate frameworks templated with assemblies comprising diprotonated 1,2-diaminoethane (DAE) and a water molecule of the formula: [NH3(CH2)2NH3]M2(HCOO)6·H2O, where M = Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, has been synthesized. Four compounds crystallize in the polar R3 space group and one in the chiral P6322 space group (Ni-analog) at room temperature. The polyammonium–water assemblies, mutually joined by hydrogen bonds, fill the cavities of the frameworks and are disordered in the three latter compounds. Additional disorder is found in the Ni-sample as the DAE2+–H2O couple is placed in a special position on the 63 screw axis. IR spectroscopy provides evidence of proton dynamic disorder…
Submicrometer CaCuO2 and Ca2CuO3 particles from bimetallic formate precursors
1992
Abstract CaCuO2 and Ca2CuO3 are readily obtained by thermal decomposition of two new calcium and copper formates, CaCu(HCOO)4 and Ca2Cu(HCOO)6. These chemical-precursor based syntheses, while overcoming problems related to the stoichiometry of the final products, involve very short diffusion path lengths. This, in turn, results in soft treatments yielding pure phases constituted by submicrometer (≈0.4 μm) homogeneous particles.
Role of Solvent on Nonenzymatic Peptide Bond Formation Mechanisms and Kinetic Isotope Effects
2013
Based on the hypothesis that similar mechanisms are involved in the peptide bond formation in aqueous solution and in the ribosome, the aminolysis of esters in aqueous solution has been the subject of numerous studies as the reference reaction for the catalyzed process. The mechanisms proposed in the literature have been explored in the present paper by hybrid QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations. The free energy profiles have been computed with the QM region of the system described at semiempirical AM1 level and by DFT within the M06-2X functional. According to the results, the formation of adduct zwitterion species is a preliminary step required for all possible mechanisms. Then, from dif…
Matrix Isolation and Ab Initio Study of Trans−Trans and Trans−Cis Dimers of Formic Acid
2010
Six trans-trans and five trans-cis dimeric structures of formic acid (HCOOH) are revealed by ab initio calculations. Four trans-trans and two trans-cis dimers are identified in the IR absorption spectra in argon matrices. The trans-cis dimers are obtained by narrow-band IR excitation of the vibrational transitions of the trans-trans dimers. Two trans-trans (tt3 and tt6) and one trans-cis (tc4) dimer are characterized experimentally for the first time. The tunneling decay rates of two trans-cis dimers (tc1 and tc4) are evaluated at different temperatures. A greater lifetime of the trans-cis dimers at elevated temperatures compared to the cis-monomer suggests that the high-energy conformers c…