Search results for "Fractionation"

Tumour oxygenation during fractionated radiotherapy--comparison with size-matched controls.

1999

The effect of fractionated irradiation on the oxygenation status of experimental tumours was investigated using polarographic assessment of the pO2 distribution. Since an improvement in tumour oxygenation could simply be the result of tumour shrinkage, a comparison of pO2 readings of untreated size-matched control tumours was performed. Irradiation was carried out using 6 fractions of 6 Gy applied within 11 days. A comparison of polarographic pO2 data with size-matched untreated tumours revealed a significant improvement in oxygenation after the irradiation. The median pO2 was 0.9+/-0.1 mm Hg for unirradiated tumours at a volume of 180 mm3, while the corresponding data for irradiated tumour…

Antinociceptive Effects of Turkish Endemic Eryngium kotschyi Boiss. Roots by Bioactivity Guided Fractionation

2010

Eryngium species (Apiaceae) are well known plants in ethnobotanical culture throughout world and also in Turkey. They are used as antitussive, diuretic as well as for analgesic and antiinflammatory purposes in traditional medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive activity of endemic Eryngium kotschyi Boiss. root extracts by bioguided fractionation. The antinociceptive activity of the extracts/fractions/compound was studied in mice using acetic acid induced writhing test and and hot plate test. The methanolic extract was sequentially partitioned with hexane, dichloromethane and water saturated n-butanol. Among the fractions, the n-BuOH fraction showed the most significant re…

Tumor lymphocyte immune response to preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: The LYMPHOREC study

2017

IF 7.719; International audience; Introduction: Some studies have suggested that baseline tumor-infiltrating-lymphocytes (TILs), such as CD8+ and FoxP3+ T-cells, may be associated with a better prognosis in colorectal cancer. We sought to investigate modulation of the immune response by preoperative radiotherapy (preopRT) and its impact on survival in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Materials & Methods: We analyzed data for 237 patients with LARC who received RT. Density of TILS (CD8+ and FoxP3+) in intraepithelial (iTILs) and stromal compartments (sTILs) were evaluated from surgery pathological specimens and biopsies performed at baseline. The primary endpoint was to assess the impa…

Kaempferol as a dietary anti-inflammatory agent: current therapeutic standing

2020

Inflammation is a physiological response to different pathological, cellular or vascular damages due to physical, chemical or mechanical trauma. It is characterized by pain, redness, heat and swelling. Current natural drugs are carefully chosen as a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of inflammatory diseases. Different phytochemical constituents are present in natural products. These phytochemicals have high efficacy both in vivo and in vitro. Among them, flavonoids occur in many foods, vegetables and herbal medicines and are considered as the most active constituent, having the ability to attenuate inflammation. Kaempferol is a polyphenol that is richly found in fruits, vegetabl…

Prognostic value of two geriatric screening tools in a cohort of older patients with early stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer treated with hypofraction…

2020

Objectives: To investigatewhether assessmentwith two geriatric screening tools shows a correlationwith clinical outcomes of patients aged 65 years or more, with early-stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (es-NSCLC) treated with hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Methods: FromMarch 2014 to June 2018we retrospectively evaluated 42 patientswith stage I and II lung tumors. Patients were assessed with Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and G8 screening tool. Median age was 74 years (range, 65–91). Stereotactic radiotherapy was performed with Helical Tomotherapy delivering 50–70 Gray (Gy) in 8–10 fractions. Toxicity was evaluated using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0 criter…

2014

Background and purpose: A substantial reduction of uncertainties in clinical brachytherapy should result in improved outcome in terms of increased local control and reduced side effects. Types of uncertainties have to be identified, grouped, and quantified. Methods: A detailed literature review was performed to identify uncertainty components and their relative importance to the combined overall uncertainty. Results: Very few components (e.g., source strength and afterloader timer) are independent of clinical disease site and location of administered dose. While the influence of medium on dose calculation can be substantial for low energy sources or non-deeply seated implants, the influence…

Analysis and evaluation of periodic physiological organ motion in radiotherapy treatments.

2003

Background and purpose: A system for the detection, measurement and analysis of the periodic physiological organ motion during radiotherapy treatment is proposed and clinically tested in this paper. Material and methods: The procedure is based on the acquisition of fluoroscopic sequences, followed by an automatic detection of the movement using cross-correlations with matched filters. Results: The system generates a probability density function (PDF) of finding a mobile organ in a position at a certain time. The maximum path of the mobile structures can be determined to define the planning target volume (PTV) without ambiguities. Conclusions: Physiological movements can be accurately includ…

Hypofractionated postoperative helical tomotherapy in prostate cancer: a mono-institutional report of toxicity and clinical outcomes

2018

Francesco Cuccia,1,2 Gianluca Mortellaro,2 Vincenzo Serretta,3 Vito Valenti,1,2 Antonella Tripoli,1,2 Marina Gueci,1,2 Nicoletta Luca,1,2 Antonio Lo Casto,4 Giuseppe Ferrera2 1Radiation Oncology School, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 2Radiation Oncology, ARNAS-Civico Hospital, Palermo, Italy; 3Section of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncological and Oral Science, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; 4Radiation Oncology School, Section of Radiological Sciences, DIBIMED, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy Purpose: This is a mono-institutional study of acute and late toxicities and early biochemical control of a retrospective series of 75 prostate…

Selective hemicellulose hydrolysis of Scots pine sawdust

2019

The depletion of fossil resources is driving forward the search for new and alternative renewable feedstocks in the production of renewable chemicals, which could replace the petroleum-based ones. One such feedstock is pine (Pinus sylvestris) sawdust, which is generated enormous amounts in Finnish sawmills yearly. However, prior to the utilization in high-value applications, it needs to be fractionated into its constituents. In this work, the objective was to produce monomeric hemicellulose sugars from pine sawdust without degrading cellulose or lignin simultaneously. The influence of the reaction temperature and time, as well as acid type and concentration, was studied. Based on the result…

Increasing Yield and Antioxidative Performance of Litchi Pericarp Procyanidins in Baked Food by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Coupled with Enzymatic…

2018

Extraction with organic solvents is a traditional method to isolate bioactive compounds, which is energy-wasting and time-consuming. Therefore, enzyme and ultrasound treatments were combined to assist the extraction of oligomeric procyanidins from litchi pericarp (LPOPC), as an innovative approach to replace conventional extraction methods. Under optimum conditions (enzyme concentration 0.12 mg/mL, ultrasonic power 300 W, ultrasonic time 80 min, and liquid/solid ratio 10 mL/g), the yield of LPOPC could be improved up to 13.5%. HPLC analysis indicated that the oligomeric procyanidins (OPC) content of LPOPC from proposed extraction was up to 89.6%, mainly including (&minus