Search results for "Functions"

showing 10 items of 1066 documents

A categorization and executive functions approach of food rejection in young children

2021

Food neophobia and pickiness are two strong psychological obstacles to young children’s consumption of fruits and vegetables, which are necessary components of a diet that facilitates normal and healthy development. It is therefore of critical importance to investigate the cognitive underpinnings of these two kinds of food rejection to promote the adoption of healthy eating behaviors. Food acceptance and rejection appear to be partly conditioned by children’s knowledge of the food domain. Knowledge allows children to recognize a given food, categorize it, and make inference-based decisions on its properties and possible consequences of consumption. Underdeveloped knowledge may cause food st…

Executive functions[SHS.PSY] Humanities and Social Sciences/PsychologyConceptual knowledgeFood neophobiaJeunes enfantsDéveloppement cognitifNéophobie alimentaireSélectivité alimentaireYoung childrenCognitive developmentConnaissances conceptuellesFonctions exécutivesFood pickiness
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On thermoeconomics of energy systems at variable load conditions: integrated optimization of plant design and operation

2007

Abstract Thermoeconomics has been assuming a growing role among the disciplines oriented to the analysis of energy systems, its different methodologies allowing solution of problems in the fields of cost accounting, plant design optimisation and diagnostic of malfunctions. However, the thermoeconomic methodologies as such are particularly appropriate to analyse large industrial systems at steady or quasi-steady operation, but they can be hardly applied to small to medium scale units operating in unsteady conditions to cover a variable energy demand. In this paper, the fundamentals of thermoeconomics for systems operated at variable load are discussed, examining the cost formation process an…

ExergyEngineeringPrimary energyRenewable Energy Sustainability and the Environmentbusiness.industryThermoeconomics has been assuming a growing role among the disciplines oriented to the analysis of energy systems its different methodologies allowing solution of problems in the fields of cost accounting plant design optimisation and diagnostic of malfunctions. However the thermoeconomic methodologies as such are particularly appropriate to analyse large industrial systems at steady or quasisteady operation but they can be hardly applied to small to medium scale units operating in unsteady conditions to cover a variable energy demand. In this paper the fundamentals of thermoeconomics for systems operated at variable load are discussed examining the cost formation process and separately the cost fractions related to capital depreciation (which require additional distinctions with respect to plants in steady operation) and to exergy consumption. The relevant effects of the efficiency penalty due to off design operation on the exergetic cost of internal flows are also examined. An original algorithm is proposed for the integrated optimization of plant design and operation based on an analytical solution by the Lagrange multipliers method and on a multi-objective decision function expressed either in terms of net cash flow or primary energy saving. The method is suitable for application in complex energy systems such as ‘‘facilities of components of a same product’’ connected to external networks for power or heat distribution. For demonstrative purposes the proposed thermoeconomically aided optimization is performed for a grid connected trigeneration system to be installed in a large hotel.Energy Engineering and Power TechnologyCost accountingThermoeconomicsGridEnergy conservationVariable (computer science)symbols.namesakeFuel TechnologyNuclear Energy and EngineeringLagrange multipliersymbolsProcess engineeringbusinessSimulation
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Splitting of surface-related phonons in Raman spectra of self-assembled GaN nanowires

2012

cited By 2; International audience; Micro Raman spectroscopy studies have been performed on GaN nanowires grown by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Silicon (111) substrate. From the analysis of experimental data, the emergence of a two peaks band located near 700 cm-1 has been attributed to the Raman scattering by surface-related phonons. We have analyzed the surface character of these two modes by changing the dielectric constant of the exterior medium and some experimental parameters. Furthermore, a theoretical model describing the nanowires ensemble by means of an effective dielectric function has been used to interpret the Raman scattering results. Those numerical simulations a…

Experimental parametersRaman scatteringMaterials sciencePhononNanowireGallium nitride02 engineering and technologyDielectricDielectric functions01 natural sciencessymbols.namesakechemistry.chemical_compoundCondensed Matter::Materials ScienceExperimental observation0103 physical sciencesTheoretical models010302 applied physicsSilicon (111) substrates[PHYS]Physics [physics]Condensed matter physicsNanowiresSurface phononGallium nitride021001 nanoscience & nanotechnologyCondensed Matter PhysicschemistryDielectric propertiesRaman spectroscopysymbolsPhononsPlasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxyMicro Raman Spectroscopy0210 nano-technologyRaman spectroscopyMolecular beam epitaxyRaman scatteringSurface phononMolecular beam epitaxy
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Optimizing colormaps with consideration for color vision deficiency to enable accurate interpretation of scientific data

2018

Color vision deficiency (CVD) affects more than 4% of the population and leads to a different visual perception of colors. Though this has been known for decades, colormaps with many colors across the visual spectra are often used to represent data, leading to the potential for misinterpretation or difficulty with interpretation by someone with this deficiency. Until the creation of the module presented here, there were no colormaps mathematically optimized for CVD using modern color appearance models. While there have been some attempts to make aesthetically pleasing or subjectively tolerable colormaps for those with CVD, our goal was to make optimized colormaps for the most accurate perce…

FOS: Computer and information sciences0301 basic medicineBrightnessVisual perceptionVisionComputer scienceComputer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognitionlcsh:MedicineSocial SciencesColor Vision Defects01 natural sciencesMass SpectrometryAnalytical ChemistrySecondary Ion Mass SpectrometrySpectrum Analysis TechniquesMathematical and Statistical TechniquesPsychologyComputer visionlcsh:ScienceData ProcessingMultidisciplinaryPhysicsClassical MechanicsOther Quantitative Biology (q-bio.OT)Quantitative Biology - Other Quantitative BiologyChemistryPhysical SciencesRegression AnalysisSensory PerceptionInformation TechnologyStatistics (Mathematics)AlgorithmsColor PerceptionResearch ArticleComputer and Information SciencesColor visionColorFluid MechanicsLinear Regression AnalysisColor spaceResearch and Analysis MethodsContinuum Mechanics010309 optics03 medical and health sciencesSine Waves0103 physical sciencesHumansStatistical MethodsFluid FlowVision OcularHueColor Visionbusiness.industrylcsh:RBiology and Life SciencesFluid Dynamics030104 developmental biologyFOS: Biological scienceslcsh:QArtificial intelligencebusinessMathematical FunctionsMathematicsPhotic StimulationSoftwareNeurosciencePLOS ONE
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Kernel methods and their derivatives: Concept and perspectives for the earth system sciences.

2020

Kernel methods are powerful machine learning techniques which implement generic non-linear functions to solve complex tasks in a simple way. They Have a solid mathematical background and exhibit excellent performance in practice. However, kernel machines are still considered black-box models as the feature mapping is not directly accessible and difficult to interpret.The aim of this work is to show that it is indeed possible to interpret the functions learned by various kernel methods is intuitive despite their complexity. Specifically, we show that derivatives of these functions have a simple mathematical formulation, are easy to compute, and can be applied to many different problems. We n…

FOS: Computer and information sciencesComputer Science - Machine LearningSupport Vector MachineTheoretical computer scienceComputer scienceEntropyKernel FunctionsNormal Distribution0211 other engineering and technologies02 engineering and technologyMachine Learning (cs.LG)Machine LearningStatistics - Machine LearningSimple (abstract algebra)0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringOperator TheoryData ManagementMultidisciplinaryGeographyApplied MathematicsSimulation and ModelingQRDensity estimationKernel methodKernel (statistics)Physical SciencessymbolsMedicine020201 artificial intelligence & image processingAlgorithmsResearch ArticleComputer and Information SciencesScienceMachine Learning (stat.ML)Research and Analysis MethodsKernel MethodsKernel (linear algebra)symbols.namesakeArtificial IntelligenceSupport Vector MachinesHumansEntropy (information theory)Computer SimulationGaussian process021101 geological & geomatics engineeringData VisualizationCorrectionRandom VariablesFunction (mathematics)Probability TheorySupport vector machineAlgebraPhysical GeographyLinear AlgebraEarth SciencesEigenvectorsRandom variableMathematicsEarth SystemsPLoS ONE
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Fast Estimation of Diffusion Tensors under Rician noise by the EM algorithm

2016

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is widely used to characterize, in vivo, the white matter of the central nerve system (CNS). This biological tissue contains much anatomic, structural and orientational information of fibers in human brain. Spectral data from the displacement distribution of water molecules located in the brain tissue are collected by a magnetic resonance scanner and acquired in the Fourier domain. After the Fourier inversion, the noise distribution is Gaussian in both real and imaginary parts and, as a consequence, the recorded magnitude data are corrupted by Rician noise. Statistical estimation of diffusion leads a non-linear regression problem. In this paper, we present a f…

FOS: Computer and information sciencesreduced computationGaussianModels NeurologicalDatasets as Topicta3112Statistics - ComputationStatistics - ApplicationsTime030218 nuclear medicine & medical imagingMethodology (stat.ME)Diffusion03 medical and health sciencessymbols.namesake0302 clinical medicineScoring algorithmRician fadingPrior probabilityExpectation–maximization algorithmImage Processing Computer-AssistedMaximum a posteriori estimationHumansApplications (stat.AP)Computer SimulationComputation (stat.CO)Statistics - MethodologyMathematicsta112Likelihood FunctionsGeneral NeuroscienceBrainEstimatormaximum likelihood estimatorFisher scoringMagnetic Resonance ImagingWhite MatterRician likelihoodDiffusion Tensor ImagingFourier transformNonlinear Dynamicssymbolsmaximum a posteriori estimatorAlgorithmAlgorithms030217 neurology & neurosurgerydata augmentation
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Molecular equilibrium structures from experimental rotational constants and calculated vibration–rotation interaction constants

2002

A detailed study is carried out of the accuracy of molecular equilibrium geometries obtained from least-squares fits involving experimental rotational constants B(0) and sums of ab initio vibration-rotation interaction constants alpha(r)(B). The vibration-rotation interaction constants have been calculated for 18 single-configuration dominated molecules containing hydrogen and first-row atoms at various standard levels of ab initio theory. Comparisons with the experimental data and tests for the internal consistency of the calculations show that the equilibrium structures generated using Hartree-Fock vibration-rotation interaction constants have an accuracy similar to that obtained by a dir…

FREQUENCIESChemistryGAUSSIAN-BASIS SETSAb initioGeneral Physics and AstronomyDiatomic moleculeSTATEBORONBond lengthVibrationHOFMETHANEMolecular geometryCCSD(T) 2ND DERIVATIVESAb initio quantum chemistry methodsACIDWAVE-FUNCTIONSPhysics::Atomic and Molecular ClustersMoleculeQUARTIC FORCE-FIELDPhysics::Chemical PhysicsPhysical and Theoretical ChemistryAtomic physicsRotation (mathematics)The Journal of Chemical Physics
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A study on the degree of relationship between two individuals.

2000

The paper studies the likely degree of relationship between two individuals who could possibly be half sibs. The possible common ancestor was dead, which further complicated the problem. The model used was devised by Thompson [in Rao and Chakraborty (eds): Handbook of Statistics, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991] and establishes a correspondence between the possible degree of relationship and certain feasible probability distributions on the number of identical by descent genes. Two statistical approaches are considered: the classical one, in which the maximum likelihood estimation for the parameters of Thompson’s model are obtained, and the Bayesian one, in which the test of the hypothesis o…

Family HealthLikelihood FunctionsDegree (graph theory)GenotypeModels GeneticMaximum likelihoodBayesian probabilityBayes TheoremIdentity by descentPhenotypeRobustness (computer science)StatisticsHalf sibsGeneticsProbability distributionHumansMonte Carlo MethodGenetics (clinical)MathematicsHuman heredity
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The Elliptic Sunrise

2020

In this talk, we discuss our recent computation of the two-loop sunrise integral with arbitrary non-zero particle masses in the vicinity of the equal mass point. In two space-time dimensions, we arrive at a result in terms of elliptic dilogarithms. Near four space-time dimensions, we obtain a result which furthermore involves elliptic generalizations of Clausen and Glaisher functions.

Feynman integralSpecial functionsComputationSunrisePoint (geometry)Field theory (psychology)Loop integralMathematical physicsMathematics
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Structural and functional diversity of the lectin repertoire in teleost fish: Relevance to innate and adaptive immunity

2011

Protein–carbohydrate interactions mediated by lectins have been recognized as key components of innate immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates, not only for recognition of potential pathogens, but also for participating in downstream effector functions, such as their agglutination, immobilization, and complement-mediated opsonization and killing. More recently, lectins have been identified as critical regulators of mammalian adaptive immune responses. Fish are endowed with virtually all components of the mammalian adaptive immunity, and are equipped with a complex lectin repertoire. In this review, we discuss evidence suggesting that: (a) lectin repertoires in teleost fish are highly dive…

Fish ProteinsModels MolecularImmunologySettore BIO/05 - ZoologiaBiologyAdaptive ImmunityArticleImmune systemPhagocytosisC-type lectinAntifreeze ProteinsLectinsAnimalsLectins Innate immunity Fish Self/non-self recognition Effector Regulatory functions Complement activationProtein Structure QuaternaryAntigens ViralComplement ActivationMannan-binding lectinAntigens BacterialInnate immune systemBacteriaEffectorFishesLectinComplement System ProteinsOpsonin ProteinsAcquired immune systemInvertebratesImmunity InnateComplement systemCell biologyProtein Structure TertiaryGene Expression RegulationOrgan SpecificityVertebratesVirusesbiology.proteinDevelopmental Biology
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