Search results for "GAM"

Wnt1 Promotes Cementum and Alveolar Bone Growth in a Time-Dependent Manner

2021

The WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a central role in the biology of the periodontium, yet the function of specific extracellular WNT ligands remains poorly understood. By using a Wnt1-inducible transgenic mouse model targeting Col1a1-expressing alveolar osteoblasts, odontoblasts, and cementoblasts, we demonstrate that the WNT ligand WNT1 is a strong promoter of cementum and alveolar bone formation in vivo. We induced Wnt1 expression for 1, 3, or 9 wk in Wnt1Tg mice and analyzed them at the age of 6 wk and 12 wk. Micro–computed tomography (CT) analyses of the mandibles revealed a 1.8-fold increased bone volume after 1 and 3 wk of Wnt1 expression and a 3-fold increased bone volume aft…

2019

Tumor-derived lactic acid inhibits T and natural killer (NK) cell function and, thereby, tumor immunosurveillance. Here, we report that melanoma patients with high expression of glycolysis-related genes show a worse progression free survival upon anti-PD1 treatment. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac lowers lactate secretion of tumor cells and improves anti-PD1-induced T cell killing in vitro. Surprisingly, diclofenac, but not other NSAIDs, turns out to be a potent inhibitor of the lactate transporters monocarboxylate transporter 1 and 4 and diminishes lactate efflux. Notably, T cell activation, viability, and effector functions are preserved under diclofenac treatm…

Effect of Isothiocyanates on the Activity of <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> Exposed to Irradiation

2020

Two isothiocyanates, i.e., sulforaphane (SFA) and sulforaphene (SFE), are suggested to be used as an alternative chemopreventive diet. This study was focused on the effect of SFA and SFE on Lactobacillus plantarum, which has been subjected to the irradiation (2-50 Gy). The cultures grown in De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) and Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB) were compared in terms of bacteria physiological activity under tested conditions. Broth composition notably influenced the bacteria growth kinetic parameters, as well as culture response to the oxidative stress. Activity of L. plantarum cells after irradiation was evaluated by their dehydrogenase (DHA) and quinone-reductase (QR) activities. T…

Γδ T Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Melanoma: State of the Art

2019

Metastatic melanoma is still associated with a poor prognosis, and there is increasing interest in immunotherapy alone or in combination with other adjuvant therapies. Γδ T lymphocytes play a pivot role in the immune response against cancer, but while γδ-based immunotherapy is already a clinical reality for several solid tumors, data on melanoma are still limited and fragmented. This systematic review presents preclinical and clinical evidence for a role of γδ T lymphocytes in immunotherapeutic strategies for advanced melanoma and discusses research state of the art and future perspectives. Current strategies focus on in vivo stimulation, and ex vivo adoptive therapy and vaccination; result…

Strength Training Decreases Inflammation and Increases Cognition and Physical Fitness in Older Women with Cognitive Impairment.

2017

International audience; Introduction: Cognitive impairment that affects older adults is commonly associated with an inflammatory imbalance, resulting in decreased physical fitness. Exercise has been pointed to mitigate immunosenescence and cognitive impairment associated with aging, while increase in physical fitness. However, few studies explored the relationship between changes in cytokine concentration and improvement on cognition due to elastic band strength training. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of strength training on pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, hematological markers and physical fitness of older women with cognitive impairment. Methods: Thirty-three w…

A Weaning Reaction to Microbiota Is Required for Resistance to Immunopathologies in the Adult.

2019

International audience; Microbes colonize all body surfaces at birth and participate in the development of the immune system. In newborn mammals, the intestinal microbiota is first shaped by the dietary and immunological components of milk and then changes upon the introduction of solid food during weaning. Here, we explored the reactivity of the mouse intestinal immune system during the first weeks after birth and into adulthood. At weaning, the intestinal microbiota induced a vigorous immune response—a “weaning reaction”—that was programmed in time. Inhibition of the weaning reaction led to pathological imprinting and increased susceptibility to colitis, allergic inflammation, and cancer …

Methylophaga and Hyphomicrobium can be used as target genera in monitoring saline water methanol-utilizing denitrification.

2016

Abstract Which bacterial taxonomic groups can be used in monitoring saline water methanol-utilizing denitrification and whether nitrate is transformed into N2 in the process are unclear. Therefore, methylotrophic bacterial communities of two efficiently functioning (nitrate/nitrite reduction was 63–96 %) tropical and cool seawater reactors at a public aquarium were investigated with clone library analysis and 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. Transformation of nitrate into N2 was confirmed using 15N labeling in incubation of carrier material from the tropical reactor. Combining the data with previous study results, Methylophaga and Hyphomicrobium were determined to be suitable targe…

In.Line: A Navigation Game for Visually Impaired People

2017

Part 3: Serious Games; International audience; In.line is a novel game based on a navigation system, called ARIANNA (pAth Recognition for Indoor Assisted NavigatioN with Augmented perception, [1]), primarily designed for visually impaired people permitting to navigate and find some points of interests in an indoor and outdoor environment by following a path painted or stuck on the floor. The aim of the game is twofold: (1) let the users learn and familiarize with the system, (2) improve blind people spatial skills to let them learn and acquire an allocentric spatial representation. The impact stands in the possibility of enhancing the social inclusion of a large part of the society that is …

2016

One of the key immunological characteristics of active visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a profound immunosuppression and impaired production of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ). However, recent studies from Bihar in India showed using a whole blood assay, that whole blood cells have maintained the capacity to produce IFN-γ. Here we tested the hypothesis that a population of low-density granulocytes (LDG) might contribute to T cell responses hyporesponsiveness via the release of arginase. Our results show that this population is affected by the anticoagulant used to collect blood: the frequency of LDGs is significantly lower when the blood is collected with heparin as compared to EDTA; however, the antico…

Nitric oxide/cGMP signaling via guanylyl cyclase isoform 1 modulates glutamate and GABA release in somatosensory cortex of mice

2017

Abstract In hippocampus, two guanylyl cyclases (NO-GC1 and NO-GC2) are involved in the transduction of the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on synaptic transmission. However, the respective roles of the NO-GC isoforms on synaptic transmission are less clear in other regions of the brain. In the present study, we used knock-out mice deficient for the NO-GC1 isoform (NO-GC1 KO) to analyze its role in the glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission at pyramidal neurons in layers II/III of somatosensory cortex. NO-GC1 KO slices revealed reduced frequencies of miniature excitatory- and inhibitory-postsynaptic currents, increased paired-pulse ratios and decreased input–output curves of evoked signa…