Search results for "GAN"
showing 10 items of 55108 documents
Modulation of Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Hyperphosphorylation by Nonstructural Proteins NS3, NS4A, and NS4B
1999
NS5A of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a highly phosphorylated protein involved in resistance against interferon and required most likely for replication of the viral genome. Phosphorylation of this protein is mediated by a cellular kinase(s) generating multiple proteins with different electrophoretic mobilities. In the case of the genotype 1b isolate HCV-J, in addition to the basal phosphorylated NS5A (designated pp56), a hyperphosphorylated form (pp58) was found on coexpression of NS4A (T. Kaneko, Y. Tanji, S. Satoh, M. Hijikata, S. Asabe, K. Kimura, and K. Shimotohno, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205:320‐326, 1994). Using a comparative analysis of two full-length genomes of genotype 1b…
Translocation of the nuclear autoantigen La to the cell surface of herpes simplex virus type 1 infected cells.
1992
Recently we developed a procedure to translocalize one of the extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs), the La protein, to the cell surface of CV-1 cells. Here we report that herpes simplex virus type 1 infection can also induce a translocation of the autoantigen to the cell surface. On the cell surface we detected La protein assembled with large protrusions. Within these protrusions La protein colocalized with virus particles. These protrusions are known to be released from the cell after virus infections. Such complexes consisting of self and virus could provide helper determinants for an anti-self response, and therefore be important in generation of autoimmunity.
DNA-induced structural changes in the papillomavirus capsid.
2001
ABSTRACT Human papillomavirus capsid assembly requires intercapsomeric disulfide bonds between molecules of the major capsid protein L1. Virions isolated from naturally occurring lesions have a higher degree of cross-linking than virus-like particles (VLPs), which have been generated in eukaryotic expression systems. Here we show that DNA encapsidation into VLPs leads to increased cross-linking between L1 molecules comparable to that seen in virions. A higher trypsin resistance, indicating a tighter association of capsomeres through DNA interaction, accompanies this structural change.
The closest relatives of icosahedral viruses of thermophilic bacteria are among viruses and plasmids of the halophilic archaea.
2009
We have sequenced the genome and identified the structural proteins and lipids of the novel membranecontaining, icosahedral virus P23-77 of Thermus thermophilus. P23-77 has an 17-kb circular double-stranded DNA genome, which was annotated to contain 37 putative genes. Virions were subjected to dissociation analysis, and five protein species were shown to associate with the internal viral membrane, while three were constituents of the protein capsid. Analysis of the bacteriophage genome revealed it to be evolutionarily related to another Thermus phage (IN93), archaeal Halobacterium plasmid (pHH205), a genetic element integrated into Haloarcula genome (designated here as IHP for integrated Ha…
Rapid and sensitive detection of metapneumovirus in clinical specimens by indirect fluorescence assay using a monoclonal antibody.
2008
Human metapneumovirus, with two known genotypes named A and B, is associated with mild respiratory symptoms to severe LRTI in children, high-risk adults and the elderly. Rapid and reliable methods of hMPV detection in clinical samples are essential to implement appropriate care, to better understand the pathology of hMPV and to determine its epidemiology. Respiratory samples from 1,386 patients collected during 2 consecutive years were screened for hMPV using indirect immunofluorescence (IFA) assay with a monoclonal antibody. Forty-three patients tested positive for hMPV by the IFA method. In parallel, the samples were examined with RT-PCR on the F gene. Of these, 41 specimens were RT-PCR p…
Genome sequence of SeIV-1, a novel virus from the Iflaviridae family infective to Spodoptera exigua
2011
Analysis of the transcriptome of Spodoptera exigua larvae revealed the presence of several ESTs with homology to virus of the order Picornavirales and with the highest similarity to Infectious flacherie virus (Iflaviridae) that infects Bombyx mori larvae. Iflaviridae is a recently defined family of insect-infecting viruses that consist of positive single strand RNA genomes translated into a single polyprotein of around 3000 amino acids long. Using the sequence information derived from the obtained ESTs, we have completed the genomic sequence of this virus. The novel S. exigua iflavirus (SeIV-1) has a genome of 10.3 kb and codes for a 3222 aa polyprotein. Expression analysis has revealed the…
Molecular Characterization of a Variant of Bacillus anthracis-Specific Phage AP50 with Improved Bacteriolytic Activity▿ †
2008
ABSTRACT The genome sequence of a Bacillus anthracis -specific clear plaque mutant phage, AP50c, contains 31 open reading frames spanning 14,398 bp, has two mutations compared to wild-type AP50t, and has a colinear genome architecture highly similar to that of gram-positive Tectiviridae phages. Spontaneous AP50c-resistant B. anthracis mutants exhibit a mucoid colony phenotype.
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7 Peptide-Directed CD8+ T Cells from Patients with Cervical Cancer Are Cross-Reactive with the Coronavirus NS2 Protein
2003
ABSTRACTHuman papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 oncoproteins are required for cellular transformation and represent candidate targets for HPV-specific and major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8+-T-cell responses in patients with cervical cancer. Recent evidence suggests that cross-reactivity represents the inherent nature of the T-cell repertoire. We identified HLA-A2 binding HPV16 E7 variant peptides from human, bacterial, or viral origin which are able to drive CD8+-T-cell responses directed against wild-type HPV16 E7 amino acid 11 to 19/20 (E711-19/20) epitope YMLDLQPET(T) in vitro. CD8+T cells reacting to the HLA-A2-presented peptide from HPV16 E711-19(20)recogni…
Molecular Basis of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1-Induced Immune Translational Shutdown as Revealed by All-Atom Simulations.
2021
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic represents the most severe global health crisis in modern human history. One of the major SARS-CoV-2 virulence factors is nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1), which, outcompeting with the binding of host mRNA to the human ribosome, triggers a translation shutdown of the host immune system. Here, microsecond-long all-atom simulations of the C-terminal portion of the SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV Nsp1 in complex with the 40S ribosome disclose that SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 has evolved from its SARS-CoV ortholog to more effectively hijack the ribosome by undergoing a critical switch of Q/E158 and E/Q159 residues that perfects Nsp1's interactions…
STAT1 and Its Crucial Role in the Control of Viral Infections
2022
The signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 protein plays a key role in the immune response against viruses and other pathogens by transducing, in the nucleus, the signal from type I, type II and type III IFNs. STAT1 activates the transcription of hundreds of genes, some of which have been well characterized for their antiviral properties. STAT1 gene deletion in mice and complete STAT1 deficiency in humans both cause rapid death from severe infections. STAT1 plays a key role in the immunoglobulin class-switch recombination through the upregulation of T-bet; it also plays a key role in the production of T-bet+ memory B cells that contribute to tissue-resident humoral memory…