Search results for "GASTROINTESTINAL"
showing 10 items of 1016 documents
Pyostomatitis vegetans und Morbus Crohn: Eine spezifische Assoziation zweier Krankheiten
2008
HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS A 27-year-old man was referred to the dermatological out-patient clinic because of inflammatory changes in the oral mucosa of unknown cause. 5 months earlier he had been diagnosed as having Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum. On both sides of the buccal mucosa there were rough erythematous vegetations and disseminated miliary abscesses, which extended to the labial gingiva and the soft palate. Further physical examination was unremarkable. INVESTIGATIONS Several inflammatory parameters were increased: C-reactive protein 100 mg/l, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 55/88 mm, eosinophilic cationic protein 35.8 ng/ml (normal range 2.3-16 ng/ml). White cell count wa…
Evidence for a modulatory role of cannabinoids on the excitatory NANC neurotransmission in mouse colon
2007
Abstract It is well accepted that endogenous cannabinoids and CB1 receptors are involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contractility and intestinal motility, through a mechanism mainly related to reduction of acetylcholine release from cholinergic nerve endings. Because, few data exist on a possible modulatory action of the cannabinoid agents on the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of cannabinoid drugs on the NANC responses elicited by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the circular muscle of mouse proximal colon. Colonic contractions were monitored as changes in endoluminal…
Carbonyl reductase 1 is a predominant doxorubicin reductase in the human liver.
2008
A first step in the enzymatic disposition of the antineoplastic drug doxorubicin (DOX) is the reduction to doxorubicinol (DOX-OL). Because DOX-OL is less antineoplastic but more cardiotoxic than the parent compound, the individual rate of this reaction may affect the antitumor effect and the risk of DOX-induced heart failure. Using purified enzymes and human tissues we determined enzymes generating DOX-OL and interindividual differences in their activities. Human tissues express at least two DOX-reducing enzymes. High-clearance organs (kidney, liver, and the gastrointestinal tract) express an enzyme with an apparent Km of approximately 140 microM. Of six enzymes found to reduce DOX, Km valu…
The flesh ethanolic extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus exerts anti-inflammatory effects and prevents murine colitis
2015
IBD is a chronic disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by mucosal inflammation and epithelial damage. Biologic therapy has significantly improved the course of the disease but there are still a high percentage of patients that do not respond to current therapies. We aim to determine the effects of the flesh ethanolic extract of Hylocereus polyrhizus (EH) in a mice model of colitis induced by TNBS.Balb/c mice received TNBS (175 mg/kg, 100 μl, i.r.) and six and thirty hours later were administered with EH (1 g/kg, i.p.). Mice were weighted daily and after sacrificing (2 and 4 days after TNBS) we analyzed mucosal histology, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), the expression of pro-i…
Increased Gastrin and Calcitonin Secretion after Oral Calcium or Peptones Administration in Patients with Hypercalciuria: A Clue to an Alteration in …
2005
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) has been detected in human antral gastrin-secreting cells, where, upon calcium and/or amino acid allosteric activation, it stimulates gastrin secretion. Patients with absorptive hypercalciuria (AH) display an enhanced gastric acid output; therefore, we evaluated the secretion of gastrin in subjects with AH ( 30 subjects vs. 30 healthy female controls, all postmenopausal) after oral calcium administration ( 1 g calcium gluconate) and, on a separate occasion, after peptone loading test ( protein hydrolyzed, 10 g). Gastrin and monomeric calcitonin responses were higher in AH after both oral calcium administration ( P < 0.01) and peptone loading ( P< 0.01). B…
Energy compensation and adiposity in humans
2021
Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors Understanding the impacts of activity on energy balance is crucial. Increasing levels of activity may bring diminishing returns in energy expenditure because of compensatory responses in non-activity energy expenditures.1–3 This suggestion has profound implications for both the evolution of metabolism and human health. It implies that a long-term increase in activity does not directly translate into an increase in total energy expenditure (TEE) because other components of TEE may decrease in response—energy compensation. We used the largest dataset compiled on adult TEE and basal energy expenditure (BEE) (n = 1,754) of people living normal lives to fi…
The human gene encoding cytokeratin 20 and its expression during fetal development and in gastrointestinal carcinomas
1993
The differentiation of the predominant cell types of the mucosal epithelium of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract is characterized by increasing amounts of an intermediate-sized filament (IF) protein designated cytokeratin (CK) 20 which is a major cellular protein of mature enterocytes and goblet cells. Here we report the isolation of the human gene encoding CK 20, its complete nucleotide sequence and the amino acid sequence deduced therefrom that identifies this polypeptide (mol. wt. 48553) as a member of the type I-CK subfamily. Remarkable, however, is the comparably great sequence divergence of CK 20 from all other known type I-CKs, with only 58% identical amino acids in the conserved …
Homozygous mutations in exon 11 of c-KIT in GIST define a group of high risk patients
2010
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Gain of function mutations of tyrosine kinase receptors, c-KIT, and PDGFRa have been identified in most GIST; c-KIT exon 11 mutations are the most common. The type of c-KIT or PDGFRa mutation indicates tumor responsiveness to imatinib treatment or progression, although GIST with homozygous mutation has been poorly studied. We analyzed 145 GIST at the immunohistopathologic and genetic levels. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were used for our studies. The histological variables included: mitotic count per 50 HPF, necrosis, pleomorphism, and cell type. The immunophenotype was def…
Uncommon Synchronous Association between Ovarian Carcinoma and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Case Study and Literature Review
2013
Background The association of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and other cancers is well known, but its synchronous occurrence with gynecological malignancies is very uncommon. Usually, the diagnosis is accidentally established. We describe a patient with GIST and concurrent ovarian cancer and discuss the clinical implications of this finding. Case report A 64-year-old woman with a prior diagnosis of ovarian cancer developed a second recurrence after having undergone two operations and adjuvant chemotherapy. While tumor debulking was performed, a small, nonsuspicious lesion was removed from the greater curvature of the stomach. Histology revealed a GIST. Conclusion The association of …
Confocal laser endoscopy: new approach to the early diagnosis of tumors of the esophagus and stomach
2006
The prognosis of malignancies of the upper gastrointestinal tract is poor if early diagnosis is missed. Therefore, a rapid in vivo diagnosis of early cancer and premalignant lesions is highly important for succesful therapy. Confocal laser endomicroscopy allows in vivo cellular and subcellular imaging at high resolutions during ongoing endoscopy. The first studies and clinical observations suggest a major role of this novel technique in the in vivo diagnosis of cancer of the esophagus and stomach and of precursor conditions, such as Barrett’s esophagus, intestinal metaplasia of the stomach and Helicobacter pylori infection. Based on recent experiences from animal models, future studies wil…