Search results for "GASTROINTESTINAL"
showing 10 items of 1016 documents
Congenital syphilis in a preterm newborn with gastrointestinal disorders and postnatal growth restriction.
2022
Abstract Background Congenital syphilis (CS) depends on the placental transmission of Treponema pallidum (TP) spirochetes from an infected mother to fetus during pregnancy. It shows a wide clinical variability with cutaneous and visceral manifestations, including stillbirths, neonatal death, and asymptomatic cases. Preterm infants with CS may have more severe features of disease than the term ones, due to the combined pathogenic effect of both CS and prematurity. Case presentation We report on a female preterm (32+6 weeks of gestation) newborn showing most of the typical CS manifestations, in addition to gastrointestinal disorders including feeding difficulties, colon stenosis and malabsorp…
Mast cells control the expansion and differentiation of IL-10-competent B cells
2014
Abstract The discovery of B cell subsets with regulatory properties, dependent on IL-10 production, has expanded our view on the mechanisms that control inflammation. Regulatory B cells acquire the ability to produce IL-10 in a stepwise process: first, they become IL-10 competent, a poised state in which B cells are sensitive to trigger signals but do not actually express the Il-10 gene; then, when exposed to appropriate stimuli, they start producing IL-10. Even if the existence of IL-10–competent B cells is now well established, it is not yet known how different immune cell types cross talk with B cells and affect IL-10–competent B cell differentiation and expansion. Mast cells (MCs) contr…
Nitrergic modulation of gastrointestinal function during early endotoxemia.
2006
After bacterial infection, the host reacts by signalling to the central nervous system where a cascade of physiologic, neuroendocrine and behavioural processes is orchestrated, collectively termed the acute phase response. Endotoxemia following Gram-negative bacterial infection induces a wide array of effects, including fever, loss of appetite and changes in gastrointestinal function that attempt to eliminate the challenge and restore homeostasis. Systemic administration of low doses of endotoxin (5-40 microg/kg) to rats is associated with changes in gastrointestinal motor function, inhibition of gastric acid secretion and increase in the gastric mucosal resistance to damage. These changes …
Identification of Patulin from Penicillium coprobium as a Toxin for Enteric Neurons
2019
The identification and characterization of fungal commensals of the human gut (the mycobiota) is ongoing, and the effects of their various secondary metabolites on the health and disease of the host is a matter of current research. While the neurons of the central nervous system might be affected indirectly by compounds from gut microorganisms, the largest peripheral neuronal network (the enteric nervous system) is located within the gut and is exposed directly to such metabolites. We analyzed 320 fungal extracts and their effect on the viability of a human neuronal cell line (SH-SY5Y), as well as their effects on the viability and functionality of the most effective compound on primary ent…
Does the addition of caseinophosphopeptides or milk improve zinc in vitro bioavailability in fruit beverages?
2009
Abstract The influence of caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs) added to fruit beverage versus milk based fruit beverage upon zinc retention, transport, and uptake, as well as the influence of Fe supplementation, were studied using a combined simulated gastrointestinal digestion/Caco-2 cell system. Zinc retention, transport, and uptake of milk based fruit beverage was 4- to 5-fold greater than that of fruit beverages with or without CPPs – no statistically significant differences being observed in relation to the presence or absence of CPPs. Possibly, a slow release of CPPs throughout the digestive tract, as can be expected to take place during the digestion of casein, has a more beneficial effect …
Yeast β-glucans and microalgal extracts modulate the immune response and gut microbiome in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)
2019
One bottleneck to sustainability of fish aquaculture is the control of infectious diseases. Current trends include the preventive application of immunostimulants and prebiotics such as polysaccharides. The present study investigated how yeast β-glucan (Y), microalgal polysaccharide-enriched extracts (MAe) and whole Phaeodactylum tricornutum cells (MA) modulated the gut microbiome and stimulated the immune system in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) when administered by oral intubation. Blood, intestine and spleen samples were taken at 3 h, 24 h, 48 h and 7 days after treatment. The short-term response (within 48 h after treatment) consisted of up-regulation of il1b and irf7 expression in…
Influence of orange cultivar and mandarin postharvest storage on polyphenols, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity during gastrointestinal digestio…
2017
Polyphenols, ascorbic acid content and antioxidant activity of two sweet oranges (Navel-N and Cara Cara-CC) and mandarin (Clementine-M) as well as their bioaccessibilities were evaluated in pulps and compared to those in fresh juice. Thus, pulps of oranges and mandarins displayed higher hesperidin (HES), narirutin (NAR), total flavonoids (TF), total phenols (TP) and antioxidant activity (AAC) than their corresponding juices. Also, CC products presented higher bioactive compounds content than N ones. Bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds and AAC were higher in pulps of both oranges and mandarin than in their corresponding juices. Oranges (N and CC) pulps and juices presented higher bioacce…
Factors influencing inclusion in digestive cancer clinical trials: A population-based study
2015
Inclusion in a randomized therapeutic trial represents an optimal therapeutic strategy.To determine the influence of demographic characteristics and deprivation on the enrolment of patients in digestive cancer clinical trials.Between 2004 and 2010, 4632 patients were recorded by the Burgundy Digestive Cancer Registry. According to a balancing score, the 136 patients included in a clinical trial were matched with 272 patients who met the eligibility criteria for trials. Deprivation was measured by the ecological European deprivation index. A conditional multivariate logistic regression was performed.Patients aged over 75 years were significantly less likely to be included in clinical trials …
Digestive disorders and Intestinal microbiota
2018
In the last decade, a barge body of scientific literature has suggested that specific alterations of the gut microbiota may be associated with ther development and clinical course of several gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, gastrointestinal cancer and Clostridium difficile infection. These alterations are often referred to as “dysbiosis”, a generic term designing reduction of gut microbiota biodiversity and alterations in its composition. Here, we provide a synthetic overview of the key concepts on the relationship between intestinal microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases, focusing on the translation of these concep…
Investigating the in vitro catabolic fate of Enniatin B in a human gastrointestinal and colonic model
2019
Abstract Enniatin B is an emerging mycotoxin known to present biological activity because of its ionophoric characteristics. This compound has demonstrated strong in vitro cytotoxicity against different cancer cells, also at low molecular concentrations. Its natural occurrence in food commodities and feed is highly reported world-wide, but few information is available about its stability in the human gastro-intestinal tract. The present work evaluates the catabolic fate of enniatin B upon in vitro simulated digestion and colonic fermentation. LC-MS target and untargeted analysis have been performed to quantify the extent of enniatin B degradation and the formation of catabolic products. The…