Search results for "GASTROINTESTINAL"
showing 10 items of 1016 documents
Microplastics ingestion by the exotic fish Gambusia holbrooki in two Mediterranean coastal lagoons
2020
Gambusia holbrooki es un pequeño pez Poecílido, de origen norteamericano que fue introducido a principios del siglo XX en humedales de la Península Ibérica para el control biológico de los mosquitos. Actualmente presenta poblaciones en muchos humedales y está considerada como una de las principales especies invasoras en la península. Estos peces se alimentan principalmente de invertebrados, pero son también susceptibles de ingerir y acumular residuos de microplásticos que presentan tamaños similares al tamaño de algunas de sus presas habituales. En el presente estudio analizamos los contenidos del tracto gastrointestinal de ejemplares adultos de esta especie, procedentes de dos lagunas cost…
Villification: How the Gut Gets Its Villi
2013
Intestinal Villus Formation The intestinal villi are essential elaborations of the lining of the gut that increase the epithelial surface area for nutrient absorption. Shyer et al. (p. 212 , published online 29 August; see the Perspective by Simons ) show that in both the developing human and chick gut, the villi are formed in a step-wise progression, involving the sequential folding of the endoderm into longitudinal ridges, via a zigzag pattern, to finally form individual villi. These changes are established through the differentiation of the smooth muscle layers of the gut, restricting the expansion of the adjacent proliferating and growing endoderm and mesenchyme, generating compressive …
Pancreatic T cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase deficiency ameliorates cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis.
2014
Background Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common clinical problem whose incidence has been progressively increasing in recent years. Onset of the disease is trigged by intra-acinar cell activation of digestive enzyme zymogens that induce autodigestion, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acinar cell injury. T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) is implicated in inflammatory signaling but its significance in AP remains unclear. Results In this study we assessed the role of pancreatic TCPTP in cerulein-induced AP. TCPTP expression was increased at the protein and messenger RNA levels in the early phase of AP in mice and rats. To directly determine whether TCPTP may have a causal rol…
Metal drugs and the anticancer immune response
2018
The immune system deploys a multitude of innate and adaptive mechanisms not only to ward off pathogens but also to prevent malignant transformation ("immune surveillance"). Hence, a clinically apparent tumor already reflects selection for those malignant cell clones capable of evading immune recognition ("immune evasion"). Metal drugs, besides their well-investigated cytotoxic anticancer effects, massively interact with the cancer-immune interface and can reverse important aspects of immune evasion. This topic has recently gained intense attention based on combination approaches with anticancer immunotherapy (e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors), a strategy recently delivering first exciting…
Suplementos probióticos en enfermedades del entorno gastrointestinal por alteración de la microbiota tras la antibioterapia
2022
Introducción: La microbiota puede verse alterada debido al uso de antibióticos para el tratamiento de enfermedades del entorno gastrointestinal. La suplementación con probióticos podría emplearse terapéuticamente para regular o evitar esta disbiosis. Objetivo: Analizar la información relevante sobre el uso de probióticos como coadyuvante en el tratamiento con antibióticos en enfermedades del entorno gastrointestinal que pueden alterar su microbiota. Métodos: Revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos científicas de artículos relacionados con el tema y publicados entre enero de 2010 a junio de 2020. Se encontraron 132 artículos, 43 se incluyeron tras cumplir los criterios de selección, relevan…
Diagnóstico microbiológico de las infecciones gastrointestinales
2009
Resumen Las infecciones agudas del tracto gastrointestinal figuran entre las enfermedades infecciosas más frecuentes. En esta revisión se examinan diversas técnicas para diagnosticar las gastroenteritis que ocasionan bacterias, virus y parásitos. El coprocultivo es el método de elección para el diagnóstico de las infecciones bacterianas intestinales, aunque las infecciones por Clostridium difficile se pueden diagnosticar mediante la detección de las toxinas A y B en las heces y las infecciones por Escherichia coli diarreagénicas se pueden diagnosticar mediante la detección por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de factores de virulencia específicos de los diversos enteropatotipos. Las técn…
Past, Present, and Future of Gastrointestinal Microbiota Research in Cats
2020
The relationship between microbial community and host has profound effects on the health of animals. A balanced gastrointestinal (GI) microbial population provides nutritional and metabolic benefits to its host, regulates the immune system and various signaling molecules, protects the intestine from pathogen invasion, and promotes a healthy intestinal structure and an optimal intestinal function. With the fast development of next-generation sequencing, molecular techniques have become standard tools for microbiota research, having been used to demonstrate the complex intestinal ecosystem. Similarly to other mammals, the vast majority of GI microbiota in cats (over 99%) is composed of the pr…
The gut microbiota of larvae of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliver (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
2014
Background: The red palm weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the major pests of palms. The larvae bore into the palm trunk and feed on the palm tender tissues and sap, leading the host tree to death. The gut microbiota of insects plays a remarkable role in the host life and understanding the relationship dynamics between insects and their microbiota may improve the biological control of insect pests. The purpose of this study was to analyse the diversity of the gut microbiota of field-caught RPW larvae sampled in Sicily (Italy). Results: The 16S rRNA gene-based Temporal Thermal Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TTGE) of the gut microbiota of RPW …
POSSIBLE RELATION BETWEEN GUT MICROFLORA COMPOSITION AND ONCOGENIC RISK: IS STIMULATION OF INFLAMMATION THE ONE RING OF CONNECTION?
2012
Human intestinalmicrobiotais characterizedby highpopulationdensity, wide diversity and complexity of interactions. Dysbiosis, both qualitative and quantitative, might have serious health consequences including an increase in the number and/or alteration of bacteria colonizing the gastrointestinal tract, which could be referred as gut microflora imbalance (GMI). GMI is frequently found in patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome; this is the reason why some authors believe that IBS is secondary to GMI. Interestingly, GMI is also found in about 25% of Crohn’s disease patients. Stimulation of inflammation by the ‘dangerous bacteria’, through specific activation of the intestinal immune…
Antimicrobial consumption and antimicrobial resistance: A snapshot of an Italian neuromuscular rehabilitation center
2017
The paper presents a snapshot of the incidence of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms and antimicrobial consumption in an Italian rehabilitation center over a two-year period (2014-2015). Data on microorganism identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were obtained from the diagnostic laboratory of the hospital. A set of indicators was assessed, including the incidence density of resistant isolates per 1000 patient-days (IDRI). Data on antimicrobial consumption, semi-annually, obtained from the hospital pharmacy, were expressed as Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 1000 patient-days. The most frequently isolated microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (19.3%), and a significant i…