Search results for "GENOME"
showing 10 items of 1913 documents
Lipocalins in Arthropod Chemical Communication.
2021
Abstract Lipocalins represent one of the most successful superfamilies of proteins. Most of them are extracellular carriers for hydrophobic ligands across aqueous media, but other functions have been reported. They are present in most living organisms including bacteria. In animals they have been identified in mammals, molluscs, and arthropods; sequences have also been reported for plants. A subgroup of lipocalins, referred to as odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), mediate chemical communication in mammals by ferrying specific pheromones to the vomeronasal organ. So far, these proteins have not been reported as carriers of semiochemicals in other living organisms; instead chemical communicatio…
Type 1 Diabetes and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease—The Genetic Link
2021
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) are the most frequent chronic autoimmune diseases worldwide. Several autoimmune endocrine and non-endocrine disorders tend to occur together. T1D and AITD often cluster in individuals and families, seen in the formation of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (AP). The close relationship between these two diseases is largely explained by sharing a common genetic background. The HLA antigens DQ2 (DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201) and DQ8 (DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302), tightly linked with DR3 and DR4, are the major common genetic predisposition. Moreover, functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (or rare variants) of various genes, such as the cytotoxic T-lym…
Cooperation between Different CRISPR-Cas Types Enables Adaptation in an RNA-Targeting System
2021
CRISPR-Cas systems are immune systems that protect bacteria and archaea against their viruses, bacteriophages. Immunity is achieved through the acquisition of short DNA fragments from the viral invader’s genome.
Silent rain: does the atmosphere-mediated connectivity between microbiomes influence bacterial evolutionary rates?
2020
ABSTRACT Air carries a vast number of bacteria and viruses over great distances all the time. This leads to continuous introduction of foreign genetic material to local, established microbial communities. In this perspective, I ask whether this silent rain may have a slowing effect on the overall evolutionary rates in the microbial biosphere. Arguably, the greater the genetic divergence between gene ‘donors’ and ‘recipients’, the greater the chance that the gene product has a deleterious epistatic interaction with other gene products in its genetic environment. This is due to the long-term absence of check for mutual compatibility. As such, if an organism is extensively different from other…
Tempo and mode of early gene loss in endosymbiotic bacteria from insects
2006
Abstract Background Understanding evolutionary processes that drive genome reduction requires determining the tempo (rate) and the mode (size and types of deletions) of gene losses. In this study, we analysed five endosymbiotic genome sequences of the gamma-proteobacteria (three different Buchnera aphidicola strains, Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Blochmannia floridanus) to test if gene loss could be driven by the selective importance of genes. We used a parsimony method to reconstruct a minimal ancestral genome of insect endosymbionts and quantified gene loss along the branches of the phylogenetic tree. To evaluate the selective or functional importance of genes, we used a parameter that meas…
Porifera Lectins: diversity, physiological roles and biotechnological potential
2015
An overview on the diversity of 39 lectins from the phylum Porifera is presented, including 38 lectins, which were identified from the class of demosponges, and one lectin from the class of hexactinellida. Their purification from crude extracts was mainly performed by using affinity chromatography and gel filtration techniques. Other protocols were also developed in order to collect and study sponge lectins, including screening of sponge genomes and expression in heterologous bacterial systems. The characterization of the lectins was performed by Edman degradation or mass spectrometry. Regarding their physiological roles, sponge lectins showed to be involved in morphogenesis and cell intera…
The structure of a native orthobunyavirus ribonucleoprotein reveals a key role for viral RNA in maintaining its helical architecture
2021
AbstractThe Bunyavirales order of RNA viruses comprises emerging pathogens for which approved preventative or therapeutic measures for human use are not available. The genome of all Bunyavirales consists of negative-sense RNA segments wrapped by the virus-encoded nucleocapsid protein (NP) to form ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). RNPs represent the active template for RNA synthesis and the form in which the genome is packaged into virions, functions that require inherent flexibility. We present a pseudo-atomic model of a native RNP purified from Bunyamwera virus (BUNV), the prototypical Bunyavirales member, based on a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) average at 13 Å resolution with subsequent fi…
Draft Genome Sequences of Vibrio renopiscarius Strains CECT 8603T and CECT 8604, Two Marine Gammaproteobacteria Isolated from Cultured Gilthead Sea B…
2015
ABSTRACT Vibrio renopiscarius DCR 1-4-2 T (CECT 8603 T ) and DCR 1-4-12 (CECT 8604) were isolated from healthy gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) from Mediterranean fish farms (Castellón, Spain). Their draft genome sequences (30 and 44 contigs, respectively) have 4.3 Mbp and a G+C content of 45.2 mol% and contain almost 3,700 protein-encoding genes.
Metagenomic Analysis of Milk of Healthy and Mastitis-Suffering Women.
2015
Background: Some studies have been conducted to assess the composition of the bacterial communities inhabiting human milk, but they did not evaluate the presence of other microorganisms, such as fungi, archaea, protozoa, or viruses. Objective: This study aimed to compare the metagenome of human milk samples provided by healthy and mastitis-suffering women. Methods: DNA was isolated from human milk samples collected from 10 healthy women and 10 women with symptoms of lactational mastitis. Shotgun libraries from total extracted DNA were constructed and the libraries were sequenced by 454 pyrosequencing. Results: The amount of human DNA sequences was ≥ 90% in all the samples. Among the bacteri…
Use of multiple polygenic risk scores for distinguishing schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and affective psychosis categories in a first-episode sample…
2022
This work was supported by funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No. HEALTH-F2-2010-241909 (Project EU-GEI). (...) CA was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (SAM16PE07CP1, PI16/02012, PI19/024), co-financed by ERDF Funds from the European Commission, ‘A way of making Europe’, CIBERSAM. Madrid Regional Government (B2017/BMD-3740 AGES-CM-2), Fundación Familia Alonso and Fundación Alicia Koplowitz. MB was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (PI08/0208; PI11/00325; PI14/00612), Instituto de Salud Carlos III – ERDF Funds from the European Commission, ‘A way of making Europ…