Search results for "GPR"
showing 10 items of 1092 documents
Sorption of aroma compounds to oak wood in wine ageing conditions
2003
National audience
Novel GPR120 agonist TUG891 modulates fat taste perception and preference and activates tongue-brain-gut axis in mice
2020
GPR120 is implicated as a lipid receptor in the oro-sensory detection of dietary fatty acids. However, the effects of GPR120 activation on dietary fat intake or obesity are not clearly understood. We investigated to determine whether the binding of TUG891, a novel GPR120 agonist, to lingual GPR120 modulates fat preference in mice. We explored the effects of TUG891 on obesity-related hormones and conducted behavioral choice tests on mice to better understand the physiologic relevance of the action of TUG891. In cultured mouse and human taste bud cells (TBCs), TUG891 induced a rapid increase in Ca2+ by acting on GPR120. A long-chain dietary fatty acid, linoleic acid (LA), also recruited Ca2+ …
A novel mutation of WDR62 gene associated with severe phenotype including infantile spasm, microcephaly, and intellectual disability
2017
Abstract The autosomal recessive form of primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare disorder characterized by head circumference of at least 3 standard deviation below the mean. The MCPH exhibits genetic heterogeneity with thirteen loci (MCPH1-MCPH13) identified, and associated with variable degree of intellectual disability. It has been reported that WDR62 is the second causative gene of autosomal recessive microcephaly (MCPH2) playing a significant role in spindle formation and the proliferation of neuronal progenitor cells. We report a clinical feature, electroclinical findings, and clinical course of a patient with a severe phenotype of MCPH2 including microcephaly, refractory infantile spas…
Zizyphin modulates calcium signalling in human taste bud cells and fat taste perception in the mouse.
2017
Zizyphin, isolated from Zizyphus sps. leaf extracts, has been shown to modulate sugar taste perception, and the palatability of a sweet solution is increased by the addition of fatty acids. We, therefore, studied whether zizyphin also modulates fat taste perception. Zizyphin was purified from edible fruit of Zizyphus lotus L. Zizyphin induced increases in [Ca2+]i in human taste bud cells (hTBC). Zizyphin shared the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pool and also recruited, in part, Ca2+ from extracellular environment via the opening of store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels. Zizyphin exerted additive actions on linoleic acid-induced increases in [Ca2+]i in these cells, indicating that zizyphin does no…
The oral lipid sensor GPR120 is not indispensable for the orosensory detectionof dietary lipids in the mouse
2014
International audience; Implication of the long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) receptor GPR120, also termed free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFAR4), in the taste-guided preference for lipids is a matter of debate. To further unravel the role of GPR120 in the "taste of fat", the present study was conducted on GPR120-null mice and their wild-type littermates. Using a combination of morphological (i.e. immunohistochemical staining of circumvallate papillae - CVP), behavioral (i.e. two-bottle preference tests, licking tests and conditioned taste aversion) and functional studies (i.e. calcium imaging in freshly isolated taste bud cells - TBC), we show that absence of GPR120 in oral cavity was not associated…
Anti-hypertensive effects of Rosuvastatin are associated with decreased inflammation and oxidative stress markers in hypertensive rats
2009
International audience; Among their pleiotropic effects, statins exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate in normotensive (WKY) and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) the effect of rosuvastatin (ROSU) treatment on (1) plasma inflammation markers and endogenous NO synthase inhibitor (ADMA) levels, (2) reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by circulating leukocytes and (3) vascular oxidative stress and tissue inflammation markers. Plasma cytokines were higher in SHR than in WKY, except for IL-4, which was lower in SHR than in WKY. SHR monocytes exhibited higher production of ROS than did WKY monocytes. In the experimental conditions, RO…
Effects of a water-soluble extract of rosemary and its purified component rosmarinic acid on xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver
2001
The effects of a water-soluble extract (WSE) of rosemary and its purified antioxidant rosmarinic acid (RA) on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XME) were studied in rat liver after dietary administration. The modulation of phase I enzymes such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A, 2B, 2E1, 3A, and phase II enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), quinone reductase (QR) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) was evaluated by measuring enzyme activities with specific substrates. Protein levels of CYPs and rGST A1/A2, A3/A5, M1, M2 and P1 were measured using antibodies in Western blots. Caffeic acid was also studied because it results from RA biotransformation in rat after oral administration. Ma…
Nutrition for the Eye: Different Susceptibility of the Retina and the Lacrimal Gland to Dietary Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Incorp…
2007
International audience; The purpose of this study was to compare the susceptibility of the retina and the exorbital lacrimal gland to dietary supplies of long-chain omega-3 (omega 3) and omega-6 (omega 6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Male Wistar rats were fed a 5% lipid diet containing: (1) 10% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 7% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), or (2) 10% gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), or (3) 10% EPA, 7% DHA and 10% GLA or (4) a balanced diet deprived of EPA, DHA and GLA for 3 months. Lipids were extracted from plasma phospholipids, retina and exorbital lacrimal gland, and fatty acid composition was determined by gas chromatography. Dietary supplementation with EPA and D…
Acute in vivo administration of a fish oil-containing emulsion improves post-ischemic cardiac function in n-3-depleted rats
2006
International audience; A novel i.v. lipid preparation (MCT:FO) containing 80% medium chain-triacylglycerols and 20% fish oil was recently developed to rapidly replenish cell membrane phospholipids with omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In regard of this property, we investigated the effect of a single i.v. administration of MCT:FO on the recovery of cardiac function after ischemia in control and n-3-depleted rats. Results were compared with those obtained either with a control preparation, where FO was replaced by triolein (MCT:OO), or with saline. Saline (1 ml) or lipid preparation (also 1 ml) was injected as a bolus via the left saphenous vein. After 60 min the heart was …
ApoB100,LDLR-/- mice exhibit reduced electroretinographic response and cholesteryl esters deposits in the retina
2008
International audience; PURPOSE. To evaluate the retinal phenotype of 7- and 14-month-old apoB100,LDLR–/– mice, a relevant animal model of lipid metabolism dysfunction. METHODS. Single-flash electroretinograms were obtained from 7- and 14-month-old apoB100,LDLR–/– and control mice fed a standard diet under both scotopic and photopic conditions. Visual cycle retinoids were analyzed in eyes from dark-adapted mice. Retinal and choroidal vascularization was evaluated with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Fatty acids were analyzed in the retina. Esterified and free cholesterol was detected in eye cryosections. RESULTS. Scotopic and photopic b-wave amplitudes were significantly reduced in apoB100,L…