Search results for "GREEN"

Ecology of N2O reducing bacteria in arable soils

2016

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) and the main ozone depleting substance. Agricultural soils are the main anthropogenic-induced source of this GHG. The concentration of N2O in the atmosphere is steadily increasing, but we still lack knowledge on the factors controlling its production and consumption in soils. The reduction of N2O to N2 by microorganisms harboring the N2O reductase gene (nosZ) is the only known biological process able to consume this GHG. Recent studies revealed a previously unknown clade of N2O-reducers which was shown to be important to the N2O sink capacity of soils. This thesis seeks to gain a greater understanding on the ecology of N2O-reducers in…

Nitrous oxide production in the terrestrial environment

2011

Chapitre : 11; Terrestrial ecosystems are a major source of nitrous oxide (N2O), with soils accounting for ~70% of the atmospheric loading of this greenhouse gas. Here we provide a synthesis of current understanding of the environmental regulation of N2O production and reduction through different microbial pathways, presenting examples of where measured emissions have been related to characterizations of the underpinning microbial communities. We explore the direct and indirect influence of plants on rhizosphere N2O production, reduction and net emission, and the interactions between N2O production and methane oxidation, as examples of coupling between the C and N cycles that need to be con…

Bridging microbial community ecology and ecosystem functioning

2014

Microbial communities have a central role in many ecosystem functions such as biogeochemical cycling. Large variation in N-fluxes has been widely documented, mirroring the complexity of the underlying mechanisms. However, application of molecular biology approaches during the last decade has given the opportunity to look beyond these fluxes and to study the genetic and the ecology of the microorganisms involved in N-cycling. In this talk, I will give examples of a trait-centered approach for bridging microbial community ecology, microbial processes and ecosystem functioning.

Impact des systèmes de culture en protection intégrée contre les adventices sur l'intensité des émissions de N2O par les sols

2013

Linking microbial diversity and ecosystem functioning: The nitrogen cycle example

2014

Microbial communities have a central role in ecosystem processes by driving the Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. However, the importance of microbial diversity for ecosystem functioning is still debated. While functional trait-based approaches are commonly used for at least two decades in microbiology, most microbial diversity studies are still carried out with the rRNA genes. This talk will show how metagenomic approaches targeting microbial guilds involved in nitrogen cycling can help bridging microbial community ecology and ecosystem processes in terrestrial environments.

Caractérisation génotypique et le phénotypique de souches de Rhizobia par rapport à leur capacité à réduire le protoxyde d’azote (N2O), puissant gaz …

2012

Rapport de Stage de Master 2 EA MERS CT3; Master

Technical committee of the project SYMGES

2013

EA Pôle MERS. Rapport final de contrat de recherche INRA (communication orale invitée, 46 slides). Présenté le 24 septembre 2013 au BASF SE, Limburgerhof en Allemagne par Cécile Revellin seule. SYMGES – Projet partenarial (2013) – Coordination C. Hénault, UR SOLS Conduit avec l’unité d’Agroécologie de Dijon, en partenariat avec un industriel des biotechnologies agricoles, ce projet étudie la capacité des rhizobia (microorganismes vivant en symbiose avec les légumineuses et possédant la capacité de fixer l’azote) à réduire le N2O en N2 pour utiliser cette fonction microbienne afin de réduire les émissions du gaz à effet de serre par les sols agricoles.

How green neighbourhoods make cities more compact?t? A 2D microeconomic perspective

2014

National audience; We analyse the emergence of scattered residential development, a key characteristic of sprawl. We analyse a 2D urban economic model with neighbourhood interactions among households (social contacts) and with farmers (who produce green amenities). Starting from a cross-shaped road network and CBD, we analytically establish the existence and characteristics of residential leapfrogging that breaks up the compact development of the city. We extend our analysis by numerical experiments based on observed or econometrically estimated parameters. We nd that the shape of built up areas in uences the decision or not to jump over undeveoped land or to stick to the contiguous urban f…

Eradication of Plasmodiophora brassicae during composting of wastes

2006

Survival of infectious inoculum of the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae was assessed following bench-scale flask composting experiments and large-scale composting procedures. Clubroot-affected material was provided by artificial inoculation of Chinese cabbage or naturally infected Brussels sprout and cabbage roots. Both sets of diseased material were used in flask experiments, and the latter in large-scale windrow and aerated tunnel experiments. Municipal green wastes, onion waste and spent mushroom compost were evaluated in flask experiments with varying temperature, aeration and moisture conditions. Green wastes were used in larger-scale composts. Within the limits of a Chinese …

Résultats de l'enquête Archives Ouvertes Couperin 2019

2020

French Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are, for 89% of the respondents to the survey, now having their own open repository, or declaring to be in the implementation phase (compared to 82% in 2017 and only 62% in 2014). It can therefore be considered that almost all HEIs now offer a green open access repository or signalling solution to their researchers. The « still in progress » or suspended projects are rather related to the current recomposition of the Higher Education landscape. The most obvious obstacles to the latest implementations remain both the low involvement of researchers in the project and the human resources allocated. There is a slight but real increase in the rate of i…