Search results for "GUT"

Unusual basement layer in the midgut of gammaridean Niphargus virei Chevreux (Crustacea, Amphipoda).

1988

The basement membrane of the midgut and posterior caeca epithelium in the gammaridean amphipod Niphargus virei Chevreux, 1896 is made of an unusual structure. This basal lamina, properly called “basal layer”, shows a dense sheet formed by a system of dense hexagonal plates connected by thin filaments. Histochemical studies and enzymatic reactions lead to the conclusion that these structures are proteinaceous, without collagenous protein, and embedded in a neutral polysaccharide matrix. The possible mechanical significance of these mesenteric structures is discussed.

Thermoplastic Properties of Endodontic Gutta-percha: A Thermographic In Vitro Study

2014

Abstract Introduction Endodontic gutta-percha undergoes deformation at temperatures above 65°C. The temperature influence of heat carriers on gutta-percha cones was investigated in vitro. Methods Six single-rooted extracted teeth were embedded in resin and fixed. The root canals were prepared (ProFile; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaiques, Switzerland) to different tapers and bisected. Thermographic images when heating the gutta-percha cones (Roeko, Langenau, Germany) with a heat carrier (ML .12; SybronEndo, Orange, CA) at 1 and 5 mm from the working length were made with an infrared thermal imaging camera (ThermaCam P640; Flir Systems, Taby, Sweden). The device temperature was preset at 200°C. T…

Effects of exercise and diet interventions on obesity-related sleep disorders in men: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

2013

Abstract Background Sleep is essential for normal and healthy living. Lack of good quality sleep affects physical, mental and emotional functions. Currently, the treatments of obesity-related sleep disorders focus more on suppressing sleep-related symptoms pharmaceutically and are often accompanied by side effects. Thus, there is urgent need for alternative ways to combat chronic sleep disorders. This study will investigate underlying mechanisms of the effects of exercise and diet intervention on obesity-related sleep disorders, the role of gut microbiota in relation to poor quality of sleep and day-time sleepiness, as well as the levels of hormones responsible for sleep-wake cycle regulati…

Current Insights on Early Life Nutrition and Prevention of Allergy

2020

The incidence of allergic diseases in childhood appears to have significantly increased over the last decades. Since environmental factors, including diet, have been thought to play a significant role in the development of these diseases, there is great interest in identifying prevention strategies related to early nutritional interventions. Breastfeeding is critical for the immune development of newborns and infants through immune-modulating properties and it impacts the establishment of a healthy gut microbiota. However, the evidence for a protective role of breastfeeding against the development of food allergy in childhood is controversial, and there is little evidence to support the ben…

Common miRNA Patterns of Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease and Their Putative Impact on Commensal Gut Microbiota.

2019

With the rise of Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) methods, Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) have achieved an important position in the research landscape and have been found to present valuable diagnostic tools in various diseases such as multiple sclerosis or lung cancer. There is also emerging evidence that miRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or Parkinson’s disease (PD). Apparently, these diseases come along with changes in miRNA expression patterns which led to attempts from researchers to use these small RNA species from several body fluids for a better diagnosis and in order to observe disease progression. Additionally, it…

H89 Treatment Reduces Intestinal Inflammation and Candida albicans Overgrowth in Mice

2020

Deregulation of the dynamic crosstalk between the gut microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and immune cells is critically involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease and the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens, including the human opportunistic fungus Candida albicans. In the present study, we assessed the effect of N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide (H89), a protein kinase A inhibitor, on the migration of macrophages to C. albicans through dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-challenged Caco-2 cells. We also investigated the impact of H89 on intestinal inflammation and C. albicans clearance from the gut, and determined the diversity of the gut microbio…

Direct sequencing of human gut virome fractions obtained by flow cytometry

2015

The sequence assembly of the human gut virome encounters several difficulties. A high proportion of human and bacterial matches is detected in purified viral samples. Viral DNA extraction results in a low DNA concentration, which does not reach the minimal limit required for sequencing library preparation. Therefore, the viromes are usually enriched by whole genome amplification, which is, however, prone to the development of chimeras and amplification bias. In addition, as there is a very wide diversity of gut viral species, very extensive sequencing efforts must be made for the assembling of whole viral genomes. We present an approach to improve human gut virome assembly by employing a mo…

"The past lay claim to the present" memory and narrative as a journey to one's self : a study of Damon Galgut's In a Strange Room

2013

Eteläafrikkalainen kirjallisuus on pitkään keskittynyt maan vaikean historian avaamiseen niin yhteiskunnallisella kuin yksilönkin tasolla. Tärkeitä teemoja ovat olleet niin identiteetin luominen siirtymävaiheessa olevassa yhteiskunnassa kuin myös yhteyden luominen menneisyyden ja nykyisyyden välille. Kirjallisuudessa on myös pitkä omaelämänkerrallisuuden historia, jonka alku on kirjallisuuden vapautumisessa poliittisista kytköksistä ja yksityisen kokemuksen kuvaamisen lisääntymisessä. Damon Galgutin In a Strange Room (2010) yhtäältä jatkaa näitä traditioita, mutta toisaalta myös kehittää niitä edelleen. Romaani on oletettavasti Galgutin osittainen omaelämankerta, jonka keskiössä on itsen ra…

2019

The gut microbiota influence host vascular physiology locally in the intestine, but also evoke remote effects that impact distant organ functions. Amongst others, the microbiota affect intestinal vascular remodeling, lymphatic development, cardiac output and vascular function, myelopoiesis, prothrombotic platelet function, and immunovigilance of the host. Experimentally, host-microbiota interactions are investigated by working with animals devoid of symbiotic bacteria, i.e., by the decimation of gut commensals by antibiotic administration, or by taking advantage of germ-free mouse isolator technology. Remarkably, some of the vascular effects that were unraveled following antibiotic treatmen…

New insights into the gut microbiome in loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta stranded on the Mediterranean coast

2019

Caretta caretta is the most common sea turtle species in the Mediterranean Sea. The species is threatened by anthropomorphic activity that causes thousands of deaths and hundreds of strandings along the Mediterranean coast. Stranded turtles are often cared for in rehabilitation centres until they recover or die. The objective of this study was to characterize the gut microbiome of nine sea turtles stranded along the Sicilian coast of the Mediterranean Sea using high-throughput sequencing analysis targeting V3–V4 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Stool samples were collected from eight specimens hosted in the recovery centre after a few days of hospitalization (under 7) and from one ho…