Search results for "GUT"
showing 10 items of 605 documents
The impact of the gut microbiome in Alzheimer's disease
2020
Abstract Alzheimer's disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease clearly characterized by loss of synapses, changes in metabolism, and neuronal death in brain tissue. The impact of nutrition and other lifestyle factors on pathomechanisms has been extensively investigated in recent decades. However, one main issue has been out of focus during these research efforts—the human body is not a single entity but provides an ecological niche for a huge number of other organisms, its microbial flora. These microorganisms outnumber the host's genetic pool indisputably. While the human encodes for 30,000 genes, the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract inherits a multitude of commensal micro…
Midgut aminopeptidase N isoforms from Ostrinia nubilalis: Activity characterization and differential binding to Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa proteins from Bacil…
2013
Aminopeptidase N (APN) isoforms from Lepidoptera are known for their involvement in the mode of action of insecticidal Cry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. These enzymes belong to a protein family with at least eight different members that are expressed simultaneously in the midgut of lepidopteran larvae. Here, we focus on the characterization of the APNs from Ostrinia nubilalis (OnAPNs) to identify potential Cry receptors. We expressed OnAPNs in insect cells using a baculovirus system and analyzed their enzymatic activity by probing substrate specificity and inhibitor susceptibility. The interaction with Cry1Ab and Cry1Fa proteins (both found in transgenic insect-resistant maize) was …
Compatibilidad dimensional entre los conos accesorios de gutapercha y los espaciadores
2004
Objetivo: evaluar la compatibilidad dimensional entre los conos de gutapercha y los espaciadores. Material y metodo: se seleccionaron aleatoriamente conos de gutapercha y espaciadores de diferentes tamanos y fabricantes (Dentsply-DeTrey, DEntsply-Maillefer y Boston Dental Scientific). Se conformaron 26 grupos (n: 10). Cada una de las muestras se observo con un microscopio optico (50-100x), y se midio D1 y D2. Los resultados se sometieron a un analisis estadistico descriptivo. Resultados: de acuerdo con nuestro datos, existe variabilidad dimensional entre los conos de gutapercha de un mismo tamano, los espaciadores y las puntas de gutapercha y los espaciadores entre si, aunque las diferencia…
Alternative for improving gut microbiota: use of Jerusalem artichoke and probiotics in diet of weaned piglets
2014
AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of Jerusalem artichoke and probiotics on defence activity of intestinal cells of weaning pigs. One hundred eighty piglets (7 weeks old) were fed with basal feed supplemented with Jerusalem artichoke, Lactobacillus reuteri and Pediococcus pentosaceus. After 5 weeks, the piglets were slaughtered and the gastrointestinal contents and intestine samples were taken for analysis. Results demonstrated that in pigs fed basal diet with both probiotics and Jerusalem artichoke (5% of basal diet) (T3 group) had less (P<0.05) faecal Enterobacteriaceae microorganisms and coliforms and had more (P<0,05) faecal Lactobacillus than in pigs from ot…
Reduced levels of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase in Vip3Aa-resistant Heliothis virescens
2020
ABSTRACTThe Vip3Aa insecticidal protein fromBacillus thuringiensis(Bt) is produced by specific transgenic corn and cotton varieties for efficient control of target lepidopteran pests. The main threat to this technology is the evolution of resistance in targeted insect pests, thus understanding the mechanistic basis of resistance is crucial to deploy the most appropriate strategies for resistance management. In this work, a laboratory-selected colony ofHeliothis virescens(Vip-Sel) highly resistant to the Vip3Aa protein was used to test whether an alteration of membrane receptors in the insect midgut might explain the resistance phenotype. Binding of125I-labeled Vip3Aa to brush border membran…
Histological and electron microscopical observations on the effects of lead on gills and midgut gland ofProcambarus clarkii
1991
Adult intermolt specimen of Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea, Decapoda) have been treated for 96 hours in aquaria with 100mg/l of lead. The gills and midgut gland were processed and studied in the electron microscope. The gill filament shows important changes in the ultrastructure of the epithelial cells and the cuticle. The hepatopancreatic cells studied (i.e. the vacuolated and dark cells) do not show noticeable structural changes but accumulate lead (electrondense precipitates) mainly in lysosomes.
Garibaldi popolare. Politiche novecentesche dell’icona risorgimentale
2019
«Hero of the People». Political uses of Garibaldi’s image in the XXth century · Garibaldi epitomizes Italian Risorgimento also on an iconographical level. With particular reference to Sicily in the XXth century, the article aims at analyzing first some aspects of an often thaumaturgic Garibaldi’s figure within subaltern culture, chiefly through handcratfs, political tattoos, painted scenes pertaining to traditional puppet theatre as well as to ornate carts. All these contexts show a dense circulation between ‘high’ and ‘low’ culture. The elections for the regional parliament in 1947 are characterized by the massive use of Garibaldi in the frame of Communist propaganda; we try to shed light …
Co-factors, Microbes, and Immunogenetics in Celiac Disease to Guide Novel Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment.
2021
Celiac disease (CeD) is a frequent immune-mediated disease that affects not only the small intestine but also many extraintestinal sites. The role of gluten proteins as dietary triggers, HLA-DQ2 or -DQ8 as major necessary genetic predisposition, and tissue transglutaminase (TG2) as mechanistically involved autoantigen, are unique features of CeD. Recent research implicates many cofactors working in synergism with these key triggers, including the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, nongluten dietary triggers, intestinal barrier defects, novel immune cell phenotypes, and mediators and cytokines. In addition, apart from HLA-DQ2 and -DQ8, multiple and complex predisposing genetic fact…
Intestinal Microbiota and Celiac Disease: Cause, Consequence or Co-Evolution?
2015
It is widely recognized that the intestinal microbiota plays a role in the initiation and perpetuation of intestinal inflammation in numerous chronic conditions. Most studies report intestinal dysbiosis in celiac disease (CD) patients, untreated and treated with a gluten-free diet (GFD), compared to healthy controls. CD patients with gastrointestinal symptoms are also known to have a different microbiota compared to patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and controls, suggesting that the microbiota is involved in disease manifestation. Furthermore, a dysbiotic microbiota seems to be associated with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms in treated CD patients, suggesting its pathogenic implic…
Modulation of lipid metabolism and colonic microbial diversity of high-fat-diet C57BL/6 mice by inulin with different chain lengths
2019
Abstract The physicochemical properties, biological functions and microbial degradation of inulins differ according to their degree of polymerization. However, the relationship between inulin activities and its effect on gut microbiota remains unknown. In this study, high fat diet with inulin (1 or 5 g/kg·bw), either with short or long chains groups were administered to different groups of mice (n = 10) for 10 weeks in order to investigate the effect of inulin on the microbial diversity of the animals. Litchi pericarp procyanidins (LPPC) were used for comparison purposes. Furthermore, the lipid metabolism and key regulator genes in mice were determined. The results indicated that natural in…