Search results for "Game Theory"
showing 10 items of 498 documents
Quantum-over-classical Advantage in Solving Multiplayer Games
2020
We study the applicability of quantum algorithms in computational game theory and generalize some results related to Subtraction games, which are sometimes referred to as one-heap Nim games. In quantum game theory, a subset of Subtraction games became the first explicitly defined class of zero-sum combinatorial games with provable separation between quantum and classical complexity of solving them. For a narrower subset of Subtraction games, an exact quantum sublinear algorithm is known that surpasses all deterministic algorithms for finding solutions with probability $1$. Typically, both Nim and Subtraction games are defined for only two players. We extend some known results to games for t…
Quantum strategies are better than classical in almost any XOR game
2011
We initiate a study of random instances of nonlocal games. We show that quantum strategies are better than classical for almost any 2-player XOR game. More precisely, for large n, the entangled value of a random 2-player XOR game with n questions to every player is at least 1.21... times the classical value, for 1-o(1) fraction of all 2-player XOR games.
MAC Design for WiFi Infrastructure Networks: A Game-Theoretic Approach
2011
In WiFi networks, mobile nodes compete for accessing a shared channel by means of a random access protocol called Distributed Coordination Function (DCF). Although this protocol is in principle fair, since all the stations have the same probability to transmit on the channel, it has been shown that unfair behaviors may emerge in actual networking scenarios because of non-standard configurations of the nodes. Due to the proliferation of open source drivers and programmable cards, enabling an easy customization of the channel access policies, we propose a game-theoretic analysis of random access schemes. Assuming that each node is rational and implements a best response strategy, we show that…
Surrogate outcomes and transportability
2019
Identification of causal effects is one of the most fundamental tasks of causal inference. We consider an identifiability problem where some experimental and observational data are available but neither data alone is sufficient for the identification of the causal effect of interest. Instead of the outcome of interest, surrogate outcomes are measured in the experiments. This problem is a generalization of identifiability using surrogate experiments and we label it as surrogate outcome identifiability. We show that the concept of transportability provides a sufficient criteria for determining surrogate outcome identifiability for a large class of queries.
Fair Pairwise Learning to Rank
2020
Ranking algorithms based on Neural Networks have been a topic of recent research. Ranking is employed in everyday applications like product recommendations, search results, or even in finding good candidates for hiring. However, Neural Networks are mostly opaque tools, and it is hard to evaluate why a specific candidate, for instance, was not considered. Therefore, for neural-based ranking methods to be trustworthy, it is crucial to guarantee that the outcome is fair and that the decisions are not discriminating people according to sensitive attributes such as gender, sexual orientation, or ethnicity.In this work we present a family of fair pairwise learning to rank approaches based on Neur…
Long-Term Outcome of Family Therapy in Schizophrenia
2007
Introduction: Cognitive-behavioral family interventions in schizophrenia have proven to be effective in reducing relapse and readmission rates, and also appear to offer other benefits to patients and their families, at least in the short-term. Of particular interest to mental health services is ascertaining how long family interventions should last to maintain their benefits over the course of time. Objective: To determine whether or not the benefits of a family intervention in schizophrenia, conducted in the clinical practice framework, are sustainable over a five-year period. Method: A follow-up over a five-year period with a representative sample of patients and their families who, five …
Private–Public Partnerships as Strategic Alliances
2008
A new approach to the design of concession contracts of port infrastructures that adapts some of the methods used in the design and start-up of strategic alliances is presented. From a cost–benefit analysis of the project, based on the industry benchmarks, a revenue-sharing model dependent on the investment interest and the risk undertaken or transferred by each partner was formulated. This model aids in the calculation of the amount of the canons (lease and royalty charges) that should be stated in the contract. Also, to avoid complicated renegotiations and undesired deadlock situations, methods are presented for the dynamic actualization of such canons according to changes that might occ…
Financial constraints and cash–cash flow sensitivity
2014
This article explores the cash–cash flow relationship by comparing financially constrained and financially unconstrained companies. Unlike previous research, we test the sensitivity of cash to cash flow by considering unlisted firms as constrained and listed firms as unconstrained. Our empirical evidence is based on findings from Spanish firms and is consistent with the core rationale that unlisted firms face more difficulties than their listed counterparts when looking for funding from external markets. As a result, unlisted firms tend to hoard significant amounts of cash out of the generated cash flow, while listed firms do not. Our findings are robust to a number of additional empirical …
EVALUATION OF EFFICIENCY IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR
2016
The paper is focused on the efficiency of government activities and possibilities of evaluating it. Nowadays an appropriate use of public finances is an urgent problem of financial management of the state. Therefore, a special emphasis is put on the necessity to evaluate the results of activities of the public sector. These results have become an important element of the public financial system oriented towards results, as they form a stable base for planning and evaluating government budget resources. Being unaware of results, it is impossible to estimate if the aims and tasks set by the government financial policy are real and appropriate to the current situation and financial resources. …
On Applying Adaptive Data Structures to Multi-Player Game Playing
2013
In the field of game playing, the focus has been on two-player games, such as Chess and Go, rather than on multi-player games, with dominant multi-player techniques largely being an extension of two-player techniques to an \(N\)-player environment. To address the problem of multiple opponents, we propose the merging of two previously unrelated fields, namely those of multi-player game playing and Adaptive Data Structures (ADS). We present here a novel move-ordering heuristic for a dominant multi-player game playing algorithm, namely the Best-Reply Search (BRS). Our enhancement uses an ADS to rank the opponents in terms of their respective threat levels to the player modeled by the AI algori…