Search results for "Gene expression."
showing 10 items of 4076 documents
Rho GTPases in human breast tumours: expression and mutation analyses and correlation with clinical parameters
2002
In the present study, we addressed the question of a putative relevance of Rho proteins in tumour progression by analysing their expression on protein and mRNA level in breast tumours. We show that the level of RhoA, RhoB, Rac1 and Cdc42 protein is largely enhanced in all tumour samples analysed (n=15) as compared to normal tissues originating from the same individual. The same is true for 32P-ADP-ribosylation of Rho proteins which is catalysed by Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3. Also the amount of Rho-GDI and ERK2 as well as the level of overall 32P-GTP binding acvitity was tumour-specific elevated, yet to a lower extent than Rho proteins. Although the amount of Rho proteins was enhance…
Enterobacter cloacae administration induces hepatic damage and subcutaneous fat accumulation in high-fat diet fed mice.
2018
Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota plays a significant role in obesity, insulin resistance and associated liver disorders. Family Enterobacteriaceae and especially Enterobacter cloacae strain B29 have been previously linked to obesity and hepatic damage. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Therefore, we comprehensively examined the effects of E. cloacae subsp. cloacae (ATCC® 13047™) administration on host metabolism of mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into HFD control, chow control, and E. cloacae treatment groups. The E. cloacae treatment group received live bacterial cells in PBS intragastrically twice a week, every ot…
Inhibition of small G proteins of the Rho family by statins orClostridium difficiletoxin B enhances cytokine-mediated induction of NO synthase II
2000
In order to investigate the involvement of Ras and/or Rho proteins in the induction of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS II) we used HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) as pharmacological tools. Statins indirectly inhibit small G proteins by preventing their essential farnesylation (Ras) and/or geranylgeranylation (Rho). In contrast, TcdB is a glucosyltransferase and inactivates Rho-proteins directly. Human A549/8- and DLD-1 cells as well as murine 3T3 fibroblasts were preincubated for 18 h with statins (1–100 μM) or TcdB (0.01–10 ng ml−1). Then NOS II expression was induced by cytokines. NOS II mRNA was measured after 4–8 h by R…
Lovastatin inhibits Rho-regulated expression of E-selectin by TNFalpha and attenuates tumor cell adhesion.
2003
E-selectin mediated cell-cell adhesion plays an important role in inflammatory processes and extravasation of tumor cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induces E-selectin gene and protein expression in primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC) and in an endothelial cell line (EA.hy-926). As shown by ELISA and FACS analyses, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (e.g., lovastatin) impair the TNF-alpha stimulated increase in E-selectin protein expression. Similar results were obtained for E-selectin mRNA expression and promoter activity, indicating that the effect of lovastatin is based on inhibition of gene expression. The effective inhibitory concentration of lovastatin was in a physiologic…
The Paracentrotus lividus metallothionein gene family: structure and expression.
2014
Metallothioneins are metal binding proteins that play a pivotal role in metal homeostasis and detoxification. Since their initial discovery, they have been extensively studied in a variety of organisms ranging from microbes to plants and animals. Organisms often possess multiple genes encoding metallothionein homologs with distinct properties, such as varying affinities for different metals, and in many cases different functions. Despite the plethora of available studies, very little information is known about sea urchin P. lividus MT (1, 2). We previously identified five Pl-MT embryonic cDNAs and we studied their induction after cadmium treatment (3). Now we studied their expression during…
Chromatin dynamics during sea urchin embryogenesis: effects on the neural alpha tubulin PlTa2 gene expression
2011
Expression of PlTa2 gene during sea urchin P. lividus development, is spatially confined to the neural territory and temporally activated from the blastula stage. To evaluate a possible involvement of chromatin modifications in regulation of PlTa2 gene expression we first searched for DNaseI hypersentive sites. We found four sites localized in the introns of the gene, when we used chromatin extracted from embryos at gastrula stage but not from morula stage. This result suggests a possible functional role of the introns in the activation of the expression of PlTa2 gene. Moreover, we used specific antibodies for RNA polymerase II and for different modified form of lysine 9, lysine 27 and lysi…
Bcl-xL as a Modulator of Senescence and Aging
2021
Many features of aging result from the incapacity of cells to adapt to stress conditions. When cells are overwhelmed by stress, they can undergo senescence to avoid unrestricted growth of damaged cells. Recent findings have proven that cellular senescence is more than that. A specific grade of senescence promotes embryo development, tissue remodeling and wound healing. However, constant stresses and a weakening immune system can lead to senescence chronicity with aging. The accumulation of senescent cells is directly related to tissue dysfunction and age-related pathologies. Centenarians, the most aged individuals, should accumulate senescent cells and suffer from their deleterious effects,…
Maturation of Epidermal Langerhans Cells In Vitro Is Accompanied by Downregulation of 4F2 (CD98) as Determined by Differential Display
1998
Following short-term culture, Langerhans cells mature morphologically and functionally into potent immunostimulatory cells. As regulation of gene expression accompanies this maturation process, it is likely that differentially expressed genes are involved in the maturation events. Using the recently described method of differential display, we generated cDNA expression patterns starting with mRNA of murine epidermal Langerhans cells isolated either directly (fLC) or following 3 d cultivation (cLC). Five hundred putative differentially expressed cDNA fragments were recovered from the gel. For a part of the fragments differential expression was confirmed by dot blot and Southern hybridization…