Search results for "Gene expression"
showing 10 items of 4085 documents
Molecular Mediators of RNA Loading into Extracellular Vesicles
2021
In the last decade, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) cooperate in the gene regulatory networks with other biomolecules, including coding RNAs, DNAs and proteins. Among them, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in transcriptional and translation regulation at different levels. Intriguingly, ncRNAs can be packed in vesicles, released in the extracellular space, and finally internalized by receiving cells, thus affecting gene expression also at distance. This review focuses on the mechanisms through which the ncRNAs can be selectively packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs).
Molecular Mechanisms Leading from Periodontal Disease to Cancer
2022
Periodontitis is prevalent in half of the adult population and raises critical health concerns as it has been recently associated with an increased risk of cancer. While information about the topic remains somewhat scarce, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanistic pathways promoting neoplasia in periodontitis patients is of fundamental importance. This manuscript presents the literature as well as a panel of tables and figures on the molecular mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, two main oral pathogens in periodontitis pathology, involved in instigating tumorigenesis. We also present evidence for potential links between the RANKL–RANK signaling axi…
Expression profiling of glial genes during Drosophila embryogenesis
2006
AbstractIn the central nervous system of Drosophila, the induction of the glial cell fate is dependent on the transcription factor glial cells missing (gcm). Though a considerable number of other genes have been shown to be expressed in all or in subsets of glial cells, the course of glial cell differentiation and subtype specification is only poorly understood. This prompted us to design a whole genome microarray approach comparing gcm gain-of-function and, for the first time, gcm loss-of-function genetics to wildtype in time course experiments along embryogenesis. The microarray data were analyzed with special emphasis on the temporal profile of differential regulation. A comparison of bo…
Cyclic AMP-induced Chromatin Changes Support the NFATc-mediated Recruitment of GATA-3 to the Interleukin 5 Promoter
2008
Elevated intracellular cyclic AMP levels, which suppress the proliferation of naive T cells and type 1 T helper (Th1) cells are a property of T helper 2 (Th2) cells and regulatory T cells. While cyclic AMP signals interfere with the IL-2 promoter induction, they support the induction of Th2-type genes, in particular of il-5 gene. We show here that cyclic AMP signals support the generation of three inducible DNase I hypersensitive chromatin sites over the il-5 locus, including its promoter region. In addition, cyclic AMP signals enhance histone H3 acetylation at the IL-5 promoter and the concerted binding of GATA-3 and NFATc to the promoter. This is facilitated by direct protein-protein inte…
Patterns of oncogene co-expression at single cell resolution in cancer influence survival
2020
AbstractBackgroundCancers often overexpress multiple clinically relevant oncogenes. However, it is not known if multiple oncogenes within a cancer combine uniquely in specific cellular sub-populations to influence clinical outcome. We studied this phenomenon using the prognostically relevant oncogenes MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL).MethodsQuantitative multispectral imaging simultaneously measured oncogene co-expression at single-cell resolution in reactive lymphoid tissue (n=12) and four independent cohorts (n=409) of DLBCL. Mathematically derived co-expression phenotypes were evaluated in DLBCLs with immunohistochemistry (n=316) and eight DLBCL cohorts with gen…
Predictive modeling of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonism
2020
Abstract The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression in metabolic machinery and detoxification systems. In the recent years, this receptor has attracted interest as a therapeutic target for immunological, oncogenic and inflammatory conditions. In the present report, in silico and in vitro approaches were combined to study the activation of the AhR. To this end, a large database of chemical compounds with known AhR agonistic activity was employed to build 5 classifiers based on the Adaboost (AdB), Gradient Boosting (GB), Random Forest (RF), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms, respectively. The built classifier…
Clostridium difficile toxin A induces expression of the stress-induced early gene product RhoB.
2004
Clostridium difficile toxin A monoglucosylates the Rho family GTPases Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. Glucosylation leads to the functional inactivation of Rho GTPases and causes disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. A cDNA microarray revealed the immediate early gene rhoB as the gene that was predominantly up-regulated in colonic CaCo-2 cells after treatment with toxin A. This toxin A effect was also detectable in epithelial cells such as HT29 and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, as well as NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. The expression of RhoB was time-dependent and correlated with the morphological changes of cells. The up-regulation of RhoB was approximately 15-fold and was based on the de novo synthesis of …
The ras-related small GTP-binding protein RhoB is immediate-early inducible by DNA damaging treatments.
1995
The low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins RhoA, RhoB, and RhoC are characterized as specific substrates for the ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 from Clostridium botulinum and are supposed to be involved in the organization of the microfilamental network and transformation. rhoB is known to be immediate-early inducible by growth factors and protein-tyrosine kinases. Since increasing evidence indicates overlapping of growth factor- and UV-induced signal pathways, we studied the effect of UV light and other genotoxic agents on early rhoB transcription. Within 30 min after UV irradiation of NIH3T3 cells, the amount of rhoB mRNA increased 3-4-fold. Elevated rhoB mRNA was accompanied by an increase…
EBV-Induced Gene 3 Transcription Is Induced by TLR Signaling in Primary Dendritic Cells via NF-κB Activation
2005
Abstract The EBV-induced gene 3 (EBI3) is expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) and part of the cytokine IL-27 that controls Th cell development. However, its regulated expression in DCs is poorly understood. In the present study we demonstrate that EBI3 is expressed in splenic CD8−, CD8+, and plasmacytoid DC subsets and is induced upon TLR signaling. Cloning and functional analysis of the EBI3 promoter using in vivo footprinting and mutagenesis showed that stimulation via TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 transactivated the promoter in primary DCs via NF-κB and Ets binding sites at −90 and −73 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site, respectively. Furthermore, we observed that NF-κB p50/p65 and PU.1…
Hepatic farnesyl diphosphate synthase expression is suppressed by polyunsaturated fatty acids
2005
Dietary vegetable oils and fish oils rich in PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) exert hypocholesterolaemic and hypotriglyceridaemic effects in rodents. The plasma cholesterol-lowering properties of PUFA are due partly to a diminution of cholesterol synthesis and of the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase). To better understand the mechanisms involved, we examined how tuna fish oil and individual n−3 and n−6 PUFA affect the expression of hepatic FPP synthase (farnesyl diphosphate synthase), a SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein) target enzyme that is subject to negative-feedback regulation by sterols, in co-ordination …