Search results for "Gene pool"
showing 10 items of 40 documents
New insights on water buffalo genomic diversity and post-domestication migration routes from medium density SNP chip data
2018
Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:52:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 The domestic water buffalo is native to the Asian continent but through historical migrations and recent importations, nowadays has a worldwide distribution. The two types of water buffalo, i.e., river and swamp, display distinct morphological and behavioral traits, different karyotypes and also have different purposes and geographical distributions. River buffaloes from Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Romania, Bulgaria, Italy, Mozambique, Brazil and Colombia, and swamp buffaloes from China, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia and Brazil were genotyped with a species-specific medium-dens…
The HLA locus and multiple sclerosis in Sicily
2005
The authors report the analysis of HLA-class II allelic heterogeneity in a well characterized multiple sclerosis (MS) Sicilian dataset. Family-based association analysis revealed evidence for excess transmission to affected individuals for alleles HLA-DRB1*1501, DRB1*04, and DQB1*0302. When analyzed as haplotypes, the authors observed excess transmission for the DRB1*0400-DQB1*0302 haplotype. Sicilian patients share the HLA-DRB1*1501 susceptibility allele with affecteds living in continental Italy, but also display the allelic heterogeneity that characterizes Mediterranean populations.
Mitochondrial DNA Portrait of Latvians: Towards the Understanding of the Genetic Structure of Baltic-Speaking Populations
2005
Summary Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was investigated in a sample of 299 Latvians, a Baltic-speaking population from Eastern Europe. Sequencing of the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) in combination with analysis of informative coding region markers revealed that the vast majority of observed mtDNAs belong to haplogroups (hgs) common to most European populations. Analysis of the spatial distribution of mtDNA haplotypes found in Latvians, as well as in Baltic-speaking populations in general, revealed that they share haplotypes with all neighbouring populations irrespective of their linguistic affiliation. Hence, the results of our mtDNA analysis show that the previously described s…
Genome-wide diversity of Pagliarola sheep residual population and its conservation implication
2021
Local breeds represent an underestimated resource in terms not only of their important cultural and economical role in marginal areas, but also because they often own a potential genetic pool well adapted to extreme conditions. This fact is of increasing interest, especially when considering climate global challenges where peculiar and uncommon traits could be advantageous. In this study, we genotyped 24 individuals belonging to the small residual Pagliarola sheep population using the OvineSNP50K array, in order to compare its genomic architecture with other 21 Italian local breeds. Moreover, we performed the fixation index (FST) outlier analysis to identify genes most differentiated betwee…
Genetic structure of Tunisian sheep breeds as inferred from genome-wide SNP markers
2020
Abstract Assessing the status of genetic variability of native sheep breeds could provide important clues for research and policy makers to devise better strategies for the conservation and management of genetic resources. In this study, a genetic investigation of Tunisian sheep breeds using a genome-wide scan of approximately 50,000 SNPs was performed. To reconstruct genetic structure and relationships among four sheep breeds, 40 samples belonging to fat-tailed Barbarine, Queue Fine de l’Ouest, Noire de Thibar and D’Man breeds were genotyped using Illumina Ovine SNP50 BeadChip. Tunisian breeds averaged 96 % polymorphic loci with an expected heterozygosity (He = 0.36). Genetic analysis of r…
Ancient DNA reveals prehistoric gene-flow from Siberia in the complex human population history of North East Europe.
2013
North East Europe harbors a high diversity of cultures and languages, suggesting a complex genetic history. Archaeological, anthropological, and genetic research has revealed a series of influences from Western and Eastern Eurasia in the past. While genetic data from modern-day populations is commonly used to make inferences about their origins and past migrations, ancient DNA provides a powerful test of such hypotheses by giving a snapshot of the past genetic diversity. In order to better understand the dynamics that have shaped the gene pool of North East Europeans, we generated and analyzed 34 mitochondrial genotypes from the skeletal remains of three archaeological sites in northwest Ru…
Genetic variability in a narrow endemic snapdragon (Antirrhinum subbaeticum, Scrophulariaceae) using RAPD markers
2002
Antirrhinum subbaeticum is an endangered species inhabiting fragmented limestone cliffs. In the last 3 years, a drastic population decline has been observed in three of four known populations and the estimated number of surviving individuals is now close to 400. A RAPD study was conducted to evaluate the levels of genetic variation present in this species to improve conservation guidelines. Thirty-nine polymorphic products identified 66.1% of the samples by unique RAPD multilocus profiles. A cluster analysis grouped the samples into two broad groups corresponding to northern or southern provenances. AMOVA analysis showed that only 17.7% of the genetic diversity was partitioned within popula…
The role of swarming sites for maintaining gene flow in the brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus)
2004
Bat-swarming sites where thousands of individuals meet in late summer were recently proposed as 'hot spots' for gene flow among populations. If, due to female philopatry, nursery colonies are genetically differentiated, and if males and females of different colonies meet at swarming sites, then we would expect lower differentiation of maternally inherited genetic markers among swarming sites and higher genetic diversity within. To test these predictions, we compared genetic variance from three swarming sites to 14 nursery colonies. We analysed biparentally (five nuclear and one sex-linked microsatellite loci) and maternally (mitochondrial D-loop, 550 bp) inherited molecular markers. Three m…
Local old olive landrace varieties in Israel—Valuable plant genetic resources in olive cultivation
2008
It is assumed that the cultivation of olive trees started in the East Mediterranean in the third millennia BCE. Throughout history and until recently, successful olive clones were maintained vegetatively and were grafted either on seedlings or on spheroblasts removed from the base of the trunk. It therefore can be hypothesized that local old olive trees, older than 500 years might represent an ancient gene pool. Modern terminology categorizes local genotypes into four main variety groups. However, in traditional terminology these were further differentiated into 27 cultivars according to their phenotypic traits. This genetic diversity, along with the fact that olive trees have been cultivat…
A classification scheme for mobilization regions of bacterial plasmids
2003
Transmissible plasmids can be classified according to their mobilization ability, as being conjugative (self-transmissible) or mobilizable (transmissible only in the presence of additional conjugative functions). Naturally occurring mobilizable plasmids carry the genetic information necessary for relaxosome formation and processing, but lack the functions required for mating pair formation. Mobilizable plasmids have a tremendous impact in horizontal gene transfer in nature, including the spread of antibiotic resistance. However, analysis of their promiscuity and diversity has attracted less attention than that of conjugative plasmids. This review will focus on the analysis of the diversity …