Search results for "Generation"
showing 10 items of 3050 documents
AN ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDY OF THE RETINA IN HUMAN LATE INFANTILE NEUROAXONAL DYSTROPHY
1993
A case involving a girl who died at 11 years of age and who had developed normally until the age of 18 months, at which time further psychomotor maturation stopped and then regressed, is reported. The patient appeared hypotonic and showed loss of deep tendon reflexes, as well as bulbar signs and increasing immobility. Visual impairment resulted in blindness at the age of 7 years. Her disease was diagnosed as late infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (LINAD) after examination of sural nerve biopsy samples and after autopsy. Under electron microscopy, retinal axons were filled with tubulocisternal profiles and occasional large lamellar clefts close to or distant from synaptic complexes. These lesi…
The Blood–Brain Barrier as a Target in Traumatic Brain Injury Treatment
2014
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most frequent causes of death in the young population. Several clinical trials have unsuccessfully focused on direct neuroprotective therapies. Recently immunotherapeutic strategies shifted into focus of translational research in acute CNS diseases. Cross-talk between activated microglia and blood–brain barrier (BBB) could initiate opening of the BBB and subsequent recruitment of systemic immune cells and mediators into the brain. Stabilization of the BBB after TBI could be a promising strategy to limit neuronal inflammation, secondary brain damage and acute neurodegeneration. This review provides an overview on the pathophysiology of TBI and brain…
The Influence of PRP on Early Bone Formation in Membrane Protected Defects. A Histological and Histomorphometric Study in the Rabbit Calvaria
2011
Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been proposed to be a useful adjunct to bone grafting. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess new bone formation in bone regeneration procedures using platelet rich plasma (PRP) alone or in combination with autogenous bone. Materials and Methods: Four surgically created, monocortical defects 5 mm in diameter in the calvariae of 15 New Zealand rabbits were grafted with a coagulum-filled control, PRP, particulated autogenous bone alone (A), or combined with PRP (A-PRP). Results: Mean platelet concentration of 1,761,930 ± 680,200/µl was achieved (5.30 ± 2.63 × fold of baseline). Animals were sacrificed 1, 2, and 4 weeks later. Histomorpho…
MRI- and PET-Based Imaging Markers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
2012
Imaging markers of early neurodegeneration play an important role for the definition of predementia and preclinical stages of Alzheimer’s disease according to the newly proposed diagnostic consensus c
Microvessel-like structures from outgrowth endothelial cells from human peripheral blood in 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional co-cultures with osteobla…
2007
Tissue regeneration involves complex processes in the interaction between different cell types that control the process of neo-vascularization. In bone, osteoblasts and bone marrow stem cells provide cue elements for the proliferation of endothelial cells, differentiation of endothelial precursors, and the maturation of a vascular network. In this study, we investigated outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs), a potential source of autologous endothelial cells derived from human peripheral blood, in direct 2-dimensional (2-D) and 3-D co-culture systems with cells relevant for the regeneration of bone tissue, such as osteoblasts. In the co-cultures, OECs were evaluated in terms of their stability…
Norrie gene product is necessary for regression of hyaloid vessels.
2004
To investigate the nature and origin of the vitreous membranes in mice with knock-out of the Norrie gene product (ND mice).Eighty-two eyes of ND mice of different age groups (postnatal day [P]0-13 months) and 95 age-matched wild-type control mice were investigated. In vitreoretinal wholemounts and in sagittal sections, vessels and free cells were visualized by labeling for lectin. In addition, staining with a marker for macrophages (F4/80) and collagen XVIII/endostatin known to be involved in regression of hyaloid vessels was performed for light and electron microscopic investigations. Endostatin expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis.Wild-type controls showed the typical pattern…
Cardiac tissue engineering: a reflection after a decade of hurry
2014
The heart is a perfect machine whose mass is mainly composed of cardiomyocytes, but also fibroblasts, endothelial, smooth muscle, nervous, and immune cells are represented. One thousand million cardiomyocytes are estimated to be lost after myocardial infarction, their loss being responsible for the impairment in heart contractile function (Laflamme and Murry, 2005). The potential success of cardiac cell therapy relies almost completely on the ability of the implanted cells to differentiate toward mature cardiomyocytes. These cells must be able to reinforce the pumping activity of the injured heart in the absence of life-threatening arrhythmias due to electrophysiological incompatibility. Th…
Cigarette smoke alters primary human bronchial epithelial cell (PBEC) differentiation at air-liquid interface (ALI) and induces expression of CD105 a…
2016
Dys-regulation of airway epithelial cell function related to cigarette smoke exposure plays an important role in the pathophysiology of COPD. CD105, a component of TGF-β complex, and CD146, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition inducer, are adhesion molecules involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, transmigration and tissue remodelling. After validation of an ex vivo ALI culture of PBEC, we assessed the effect of long-term cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure on epithelium regeneration and differentiation. Endobronchial biopsy specimens (EBBs) were obtained from 8 controls (C) and 9 COPD. ALI cultures from EBBs of C were exposed to CSE for 7, 14, 21 days. Transepithelial Elect…
Subtle retinal pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
2014
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by neuro-ophthalmological abnormalities beyond disturbed oculomotor control such as decreased visual acuity and disturbed visual evoked potentials. Here we report retinal alterations in a cohort of 24 patients with clinically definite (n = 20) or probable (n = 4) ALS as compared to matched controls. High-resolution spectral domain optical coherence tomography with retinal segmentation revealed a subtle reduction in the macular thickness and the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) as well as a marked thinning of the inner nuclear layer (INL). Our data indicate an unprecedented retinal damage pattern and suggest neurodegeneration beyond the mo…
Hepatic progenitors for liver disease: current position
2010
Alice Conigliaro1, David A Brenner2, Tatiana Kisseleva21University “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia Policlinico Umberto I, V Clinica Medica, Rome, Italy; 2Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USAAbstract: Liver regeneration restores the original functionality of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes in response to injury. It is regulated on several levels, with different cellular populations contributing to this process, eg, hepatocytes, liver precursor cells, intrahepatic stem cells. In response to injury, mature hepatocytes have the capability to proliferate and give rise to new hepatocytes and cholangi…