Search results for "Genetic Structures"

showing 10 items of 2107 documents

A Compilation of Protocols to Visualize Enzymes Following Electrophoretic Separation

1994

The following tables supply protocols for the electrophoretic separation as well as for the succeeding visualization of enzymes. Separation systems and enzyme visualization procedures are adjusted to each other.

chemistry.chemical_classificationElectrophoresisEnzymeChromatographygenetic structureschemistryReaction schemeBlue bandeye diseasesVisualization
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Tomato peel drying and carotenoids stability of the extracts

2014

Summary Tomato peels were firstly dried by different methods (hot air, freeze-drying, and fluidized bed drying) to evaluate the recovery of lycopene, β-carotene and DPPH radical scavenging activity. Comparison of the results showed that hot air drying at 50 °C was a suitable method and alternative to freeze-drying to preserve carotenoids compounds and antioxidant activity in tomato peels. Then, ethanol/ethyl acetate (1:1) extracts from tomato peel, previously dried at 50 °C by hot air, were submitted to heat (100 °C) and light treatment (1000 lumen) to evaluate their stability as natural food dyes. Heating of the extracts caused a progressive reduction of total carotenoids, up to about 30% …

chemistry.chemical_classificationEthanolAntioxidantgenetic structuresDPPHmedicine.medical_treatmentEthyl acetatefood and beveragesSettore AGR/15 - Scienze E Tecnologie AlimentarilycopeneIndustrial and Manufacturing EngineeringLycopeneColour differencechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistrytomato peelsBotanymedicinelycopene; b-carotene; tomato peelsFood scienceb-caroteneCarotenoidScavengingFood Science
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Carotenoid-based colour polyphenism in a moth species: search for fitness correlates

2007

Carotenoid-based integumental coloration is often associated with individual performance in various animals. This is because the limited amount of the pigment has to be allocated to different vital functions. However, most of the evidence for the carotenoid-based trade-off comes from vertebrate studies, and it is unclear if this principle can be applied to insects. This possibility was investigated in Orgyia antiqua L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). The larvae of this species are polyphenic in their coloration, varying from a highly conspicuous combination of yellow hair tufts on black background to cryptic appearance with brown hair tufts. The conspicuous larvae are aposematic, advertising t…

chemistry.chemical_classificationLarvaanimal structuresgenetic structuresbiologyfungiAposematismOrgyia antiquabiology.organism_classificationLepidoptera genitaliavisual_art.colorPolyphenismchemistryInsect ScienceXanthophyllBrown hairvisual_artBotanyInstarEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsEntomologia Experimentalis et Applicata
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Structure formation in doped discotic polymers and low molar mass model systems

1992

Abstract Doping of low molar mass materials or polymers, possessing disc-like units, with electron acceptors leads to the stabilization of columnar discotic phases or even to the induction of such phases in compounds which either display a nematic discotic phase or only an amorphous phase in the absence of the electron acceptor. The induced columnar phase corresponds frequently to a hexagonally ordered one. We have observed, however, in addition the induction of new columnar phases such as the rectangularly ordered (Dro) and the columnar nematic phase (Nc). The enhancement of the tendency towards the formation of columnar phases is a consequence of electron acceptor—electron donor complex f…

chemistry.chemical_classificationMaterials scienceMolar massgenetic structuresDiscotic liquid crystalDopingGeneral ChemistryPolymerElectron acceptorCondensed Matter PhysicsCrystallographychemistryLiquid crystalPhase (matter)General Materials ScienceColumnar phaseLiquid Crystals
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Functionalization of aliphatic polyesters by nitroxide radical coupling

2014

Functionalized poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) samples were prepared by a post-polymerization method based on the coupling reaction between TEMPO derivatives bearing different functionalities and PBS macroradicals generated by H-abstraction using a peroxide. 4-Benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1- oxyl (BzO-TEMPO) and 4-(1-naphthoate)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (NfO-TEMPO), a pro-fluorescent nitroxide, were successfully grafted on PBS, as revealed by MALDI TOF MS and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The functionalization degrees were accurately determined by UV-Vis analysis and confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The grafting site was identified by combining theoretical calculations with e…

chemistry.chemical_classificationNitroxide mediated radical polymerizationgenetic structuresPolymers and PlasticsOrganic ChemistrySide reactionBioengineeringPolymerBiochemistryPeroxideCoupling reactionlaw.inventionPolyesterchemistry.chemical_compoundaliphatic polyesterchemistrylawPolymer chemistrySurface modificationElectron paramagnetic resonancenitroxide radicalpolymer functionalizationPolymer Chemistry
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Eye Cataract Simulation Using Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Scattering Obstacles

2004

Polymer dispersed liquid crystals with electrically induced variations of light scattering extent similar to that of transparent PLZT ceramics are used for simulation of different development stages of eye cataract. Wavelength dependencies of scattering are determined in the visible spectral range, and human visual response looking through the scattering obstacle to the onset of various spatial frequency stimuli is determined psychophysically and electrophysiologically in order to find correlation between the scattering extent, visual acuity and visual evoked potential VEP chromatic characteristics.

chemistry.chemical_classificationVisual acuityMaterials sciencegenetic structuresbusiness.industryScatteringPolymerCondensed Matter Physicseye diseasesLight scatteringElectronic Optical and Magnetic MaterialsWavelengthOpticschemistryLiquid crystalmedicineChromatic scaleSpatial frequencymedicine.symptombusinessFerroelectrics
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Chemistry of Enzyme Visualization

1994

The basic principle of enzyme visualization in situ is to present an enzyme with a solution containing an enzyme specific substrate. Demonstration of an enzyme is achieved if the catalytic action of the enzyme on this substrate produces a coloured reaction product. Often, however, the primary reaction products are colourless and require coupling with a visualizing agent to generate a coloured, preferably insoluble, final reaction product.

chemistry.chemical_classificationchemistry.chemical_compoundEnzymePrimary reactiongenetic structuresChemistrySubstrate specificitySubstrate (chemistry)FormazanCombinatorial chemistryReaction productVisualizationCatalysis
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Regulatory Changes in Pterin and Carotenoid Genes Underlie Balanced Color Polymorphisms in the Wall Lizard

2018

ABSTRACTReptiles use pterin and carotenoid pigments to produce yellow, orange, and red colors. These conspicuous colors serve a diversity of signaling functions, but their molecular basis remains unresolved. Here, we show that the genomes of sympatric color morphs of the European common wall lizard, which differ in orange and yellow pigmentation and in their ecology and behavior, are virtually undifferentiated. Genetic differences are restricted to two small regulatory regions, near genes associated with pterin (SPR) and carotenoid metabolism (BCO2), demonstrating that a core gene in the housekeeping pathway of pterin biosynthesis has been co-opted for bright coloration in reptiles and indi…

chemistry.chemical_classificationgenetic structuresHaplotypeBiologychemistry.chemical_compoundPigmentchemistrySympatric speciationEvolutionary biologyvisual_artGenetic variationvisual_art.visual_art_mediumPterinAlleleCarotenoidGene
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Über den Ureidstoffwechsel beim Laubmoosprotonema von Funaria hydrometrica L. (Sibth.)1)1)Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. Kurt Mothes zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet.

1975

Summary The activity of allantoinase (EC 3.5.2.5) is influenced by light and darkness. The extracts of dark-grown moss protonema showed a very higher enzyme activity than the extracts of light-grown plants. The allantoinase activity was increased by light-dark and decreased by dark-light transitions. DMAP mimicked light effects by stabelizing the charakteristic light depending enzyme avctivities in the dark. The inhibitors DCMU, DNP and CCCP increased the enzyme activity of light-grown moss protonema, to some extend they induced a “physiological dark condition”.

chemistry.chemical_classificationgenetic structuresbiologyAllantoinaseDCMUGeneral MedicineGeneral Chemistrybiology.organism_classificationMossEnzyme assayFunaria hygrometricachemistry.chemical_compoundEnzymechemistryBiochemistryBotanyDarknessbiology.proteinsense organsProtonemaBiochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen
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Lipid and fatty acid profile of the retina, RPE/choroid and lacrimal gland, and associations with dietary fatty acids in human subjects

2008

Purpose The contribution of dietary lipids to the accumulation of lipids in the retina during ageing and in the course of age related maculopathies remains under debate. Our objective was to establish associations between fatty acid profiles of ocular structures, and adipose tissue as a surrogate for the past dietary intake of the subjects. Methods Lipids and fatty acids were analyzed by tandem thin-layer chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection from the neural retina, RPE/choroid, lacrimal gland and adipose tissue, collected from 19 women and 8 men, aged 59–95 years. Results DHA concentrations in the neural retina were positively associate…

chemistry.chemical_classificationmedicine.medical_specialtyRetinagenetic structuresLinoleic acidDietary intakeFatty acidAdipose tissueGeneral MedicineLacrimal glandBiologyeye diseasesOphthalmologychemistry.chemical_compoundmedicine.anatomical_structureEndocrinologychemistryBiochemistryAgeingInternal medicinemedicinelipids (amino acids peptides and proteins)sense organsChoroidActa Ophthalmologica
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